Unexpected Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdowns in France: Low Impact of School Opening on Common Communicable Pediatric Airborne Diseases

Skurnik, David; Rybak, Alexis; Yang, David Dawei; Pons, Stéphanie; Guedj, Romain; Lévy, Corinne; Cohen, Robert; Gajdos, Vincent; Vasante, Loganayagi; Ouldali, Naïm; Angoulvant, François

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1899

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The main outcome was the number of hCAP cases over time in children aged 1 month to 15 years. We decided to not use the number of hCAP cases per 1,000 PED visits because measures against the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with a massive change in all PED visits ( 8 ). The secondary outcomes were the clinical and bacteriological characteristics of hCAP in the post-NPI era as compared with the pre-NPI period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shift in Clinical Profile of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children in the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) against coronavirus disease 2019 were implemented in March 2020. These measures were followed by a major impact on viral and non-viral diseases. We aimed to assess the impact of NPI implementation in France on hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (hCAP) frequency and the clinical and biological characteristics of the remaining cases in children. We performed a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series analysis. Between June 2014 and December 2020, eight pediatric emergency departments throughout France reported prospectively all cases of hCAP in children from age 1 month to 15 years. We estimated the impact on the monthly number of hCAP using segmented linear regression with autoregressive error model. We included 2,972 hCAP cases; 115 occurred during the NPI implementation period. We observed a sharp decrease in the monthly number of hCAP after NPI implementation [−63.0% (95 confidence interval, −86.8 to −39.2%); p < 0.001]. Children with hCAP were significantly older during than before the NPI period (median age, 3.9 vs. 2.3 years; p < 0.0001), and we observed a higher proportion of low inflammatory marker status (43.5 vs. 33.1%; p = 0.02). Furthermore, we observed a trend with a decrease in the proportion of cases with pleural effusion (5.3% during the NPI period vs. 10.9% before the NPI; p = 0.06). NPI implementation during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic led not only to a strong decrease in the number of hCAP cases but also a modification in the clinical profile of children affected, which may reflect a change in pathogens involved.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In France, the first lockdown started on March 17, 2020 ( 8 ). Thus, we defined the pre-NPI period from June 2014 to March 16, 2020, and the NPI period from March 17, 2020, to December 2020.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift in Clinical Profile of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children in the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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“…These non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) combined social distancing, especially in stores and transport, wearing of face masks, and reinforcing hand washing with hydro-alcoholic solution and soap. These measures were reinforced in France by population confinement between 17 March and 11 May 2020 and from 30 October to 15 December 2020 [1][2][3]. Schools were closed during the first confinement but remained open during the second with a health protocol including mandatory wear of masks for children from the age of six years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fall of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children following COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions: A Time Series Analysis

et al. 2021

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A first national lockdown was decided in France on the 17 March 2020. These measures had an impact on other viral and non-viral infectious diseases. We aimed to assess this impact on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. We performed a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis. We used data from a French prospective surveillance system of six pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). All visits from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020 were included. Pre-intervention period was before 17 March 2020 and post-intervention period was after 18 March 2020. We estimated the impact on the weekly number of visits for CAP and CAP admission using quasi-Poisson regression modeling. A total of 981,782 PEDs visits were analyzed; among them, 8318 visits were associated with CAP, and 1774 of these were followed by a hospital admission. A major decrease was observed for CAP visits (–79.7% 95% CI [–84.3; –73.8]; p < 0.0001), and CAP admission (–71.3% 95 CI [–78.8; –61.1]; p < 0.0001). We observed a dramatic decrease of CAP in children following NPIs implementation. Further studies are required to assess the long-term impact of these measures.

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“…A significant decline in infection rates was reported for pneumococcal diseases 18 , 19 , N. meningitidis infections 19,20 , pertussis 21 , 22 , varicella 21 , 23 , measles 21 , enterovirus infections 23 , influenza 5 , 23 , 24 , 25 and RSV infections 5 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Unusual Surge Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections In Children Amid the Ongoing Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Pediatric Societies Call for an Implementation of Regular Vaccination Programs to Contrast the Immunity Debt Associated to Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic in Children

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Pettoello‐Mantovani

Somekh

et al. 2022

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Unexpected Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdowns in France: Low Impact of School Opening on Common Communicable Pediatric Airborne Diseases

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Shift in Clinical Profile of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children in the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Shift in Clinical Profile of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children in the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Fall of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children following COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions: A Time Series Analysis

European Pediatric Societies Call for an Implementation of Regular Vaccination Programs to Contrast the Immunity Debt Associated to Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic in Children

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