Unexpected genetic diversity of Fallopia japonica from Central Europe revealed after AFLP analysis

Knowledge about the reproduction strategies of invasive species is fundamental for effective control. The invasive Fallopia taxa (Japanese knotweed s.l.) reproduce mainly clonally in Europe, and preventing spread of vegetative fragments is the most important control measure. However, high levels of genetic variation within the hybrid F. × bohemica indicate that hybridization and seed dispersal could be important. In Norway in northern Europe, it is assumed that these taxa do not reproduce sexually due to low temperatures in the autumn when the plants are flowering. The main objective of this study was to examine the genetic variation of invasive Fallopia taxa in selected areas in Norway in order to evaluate whether the taxa may reproduce by seeds in their most northerly distribution range in Europe. Fallopia stands from different localities in Norway were analyzed with respect to prevalence of taxa, and genetic variation within and between taxa was studied using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Taxonomic identification based on morphology corresponded with identification based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and DNA ploidy levels (8× F. japonica, 6× F. × bohemica and 4× F. sachalinensis). No genetic variation within F. japonica was detected. All F. × bohemica samples belonged to a single AFLP genotype, but one sample had a different SSR genotype. Two SSR genotypes of F. sachalinensis were also detected. Extremely low genetic variation within the invasive Fallopia taxa indicates that these taxa do not reproduce sexually in the region, suggesting that control efforts can be focused on preventing clonal spread. Climate warming may increase sexual reproduction of invasive Fallopia taxa in northern regions. The hermaphrodite F. × bohemica is a potential pollen source for the male‐sterile parental species. Targeted eradication of the hybrid can therefore reduce the risk of increased sexual reproduction under future warmer climate.

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“…japonica differ from the results of Bzdęga et al. (, ), who detected some genetic variation within F . japonica in Poland by use of AFLP.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…However, a low level of genetic variation was detected within F . japonica in Poland (Bzdęga et al., , ). By use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), Bzdęga et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic variation of invasive Fallopia spp. in their northernmost European distribution range

Holm

Elameen

Oliver

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…R. japonica is native to eastern Asia, R. laciniata and S. gigantea to North America. They invade a range of habitats such as riparian zones around standing waters or streams, floodplain woods, forest clearings, swamps, wastelands, grasslands, cultivated field margins, fallows, roadsides, and/or areas along railroad tracks (TokarskaGuzik et al 2010;Sudnik-Wójcikowska 2011;Bzdęga et al 2012;Zelnik 2012).…”

Section: Invasive Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific effects of plant invasions on activity, biomass, and composition of soil microbial communities

et al. 2016

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This study assessed the effects of Reynoutria japonica, Rudbeckia laciniata, and Solidago gigantea invading sites within and outside river valleys on activity, biomass, and composition of soil microbial communities. Microbial properties such as soil respiration, urease and arylsulfatase activities, microbial biomass (based on substrate-induced respiration, or SIR, and phospholipid fatty acids, or PLFA), and community composition (based on PLFA) were determined. R. japonica encroached on sites characterized by the lowest values of microbiological properties and R. laciniata on sites with the highest microbiological quality. The effect of invasion on soil microbial properties depended on the invasive plant species. R. japonica significantly decreased microbial biomass, determined by both SIR and total PLFA, urease activity, fungal PLFA, fungal:bacterial PLFA ratio, gram-negative bacterial PLFA, and soil respiration in comparison to soil under adjacent native plant communities. Microbial community composition also differed between soils under R. japonica and those under native plants. In contrast, R. laciniata and S. gigantea did not influence most microbial properties, though S. gigantea significantly increased fungal PLFA and R. laciniata and S. gigantea increased fungal:bacterial PLFA ratio. The effects of plant invasion on microbial properties were basically similar in soils located within and outside river valleys, probably because initially (i.e., before invasion) soils from the two locations were largely similar in terms of basic properties such as texture, moisture, pH, C:N ratio, and most microbial properties.

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“…In Europe, F. japonica is considered to be genetically uniform. However, there is an evidence of genetic diversity in its populations in Central Europe (Bzdęga, et al, 2012). The first data about the occurrence of F. japonica in Slovakia came from the 1920 (Medvecká, et al, 2012).…”

Section: Spread Of Fallopia Japonica In the District Veľký Krtíšmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of alien species of Asclepias syriaca and Fallopia japonica populations in the agricultural landscape

Pauková¹,

Knápeková²,

Hauptvogl³

2014

JCEA

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In recent years, Asclepias syriaca, a invasive neophyte, has spread aggressively in intensively farmed agricultural landscape in the Central Slovakia. In 2011, it had colonized the area of 100 654 m 2 in abandonment vineyards and permanent grasslands in the district of Veľký Krtíš (South Slovakia). We found the infiltration of these plants into the stands of Triticum aestivum and Helianthus annuus. No management measures were taken. In contrast, the second studied invasive plant Fallopia japonica had occupied area lower by 93 % (7276 m 2 ), but spread across higher number of sites (19) on the banks of the brooks and along the roads. Regulated populations accounted for only 11% of the total area occupied by F. japonica. Low correlation dependence was found between the size of the area and population density of A. syriaca (r = 0.50) and F. japonica (r = 0.56). . Šírenie druhu sme zaznamenali pozdĺž cestných komunikácií (59,8 %) a pozdĺž obidvoch brehov potoka Krtíš (40,2 %). Regulované populácie tvorili iba 11 % z celkovej plochy obsadenej pohánkovcom japonským. Nízka korelačná závislosť bola zistená medzi plochou a hustotou jedincov A. syriaca (r = 0,50) a F. japonica (r = 0,56). Predpokladáme ďalšie šírenie obidvoch druhov neofytov, najmä prenikanie glejovky americkej do poľných kultúr. Keywords

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Unexpected genetic diversity of Fallopia japonica from Central Europe revealed after AFLP analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Low genetic variation of invasive Fallopia spp. in their northernmost European distribution range

Low genetic variation of invasive Fallopia spp. in their northernmost European distribution range

Species-specific effects of plant invasions on activity, biomass, and composition of soil microbial communities

Mapping of alien species of Asclepias syriaca and Fallopia japonica populations in the agricultural landscape

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