Unexpected enhanced reactivity of aluminized nanothermites by accelerated aging

Wu, Tao; Lahiner, Guillaume; Tenailleau, Christophe; Reig, Benjamin; Hungrı́a, Teresa; Estève, Alain; Rossi, Carole

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129432

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TG curves were normalized by the mass of thermite and the plotted curves were baseline-corrected by subtracting the signal recorded during the second heating of the same sample. 34 2.3.3. Measurement of Laser Ignition Energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the heat release is an important metric that is often used to qualitatively compare the energetic performance of different thermite systems. 34 Figure S9 The parameters of onset temperature, peak temperature, total heat released, and efficiency of its theoretical heat released were collected and calculated in Table 2. All GLM-Al@Fe 2 O 3 have no visible exothermic peak before 620 °C (initial melting point of GLM-Al), which indicates the reaction at the contact interface of fuel and oxides is a liquid−solid reaction process.…”

Section: Thermal Analysis and Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these shapes, the core− shell structure has received extensive attention because of its unique properties, including highly specific surface area, controllable pore size, uniform distribution, excellent exothermicity as well as compatibility with MEMS systems. 10,27,28 The latter method focuses on accelerating the participation of Al in the reaction, such as reducing the fuel size, 29−31 multimetal fuels, 32,33 annealing and quenching aluminum, 13,34,35 and decomposing the alumina layer. 36,37 Among these methods of modifying fuels, reducing the aluminum size could bring many advantages, including fast reaction rate and low initial redox reaction temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Thermites are a class of significant energetic materials widely used in aerospace propulsion, explosion, pyrotechnics, thermal batteries, and power generation. Although nanothermites exhibit fast reaction rates and high energy density, micron-sized thermites remain of practical importance over nanothermites due to their low electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity, lower cost, and smaller dead mass. Herein, we develop micron-sized core−shell gallium-based liquid metal-modified Al@Fe 2 O 3 (GLM-Al@ Fe 2 O 3 ), which exhibits high energy density and low laser ignition energy. At an equivalence ratio of 1.3, the differential scanning calorimetry results show that the total heat release of GLM-Al@Fe 2 O 3 reaches 2555 J•g −1 , which is much higher than that of the control sample (1424 J•g −1 ) prepared by a similar process. The density of GLM-Al@Fe 2 O 3 (φ = 1.3) was characterized by a gas pycnometer analyzer, and its volumetric energy density could reach 9.96 kJ•cm −3 . Laser-ignited combustion performance of GLM-Al@Fe 2 O 3 was markedly reinforced in terms of the decreased ignition energy. Additionally, the ESD ignition threshold of GLM-Al@ Fe 2 O 3 is higher than 1 J, which revealed that the as-prepared GLM-Al@Fe 2 O 3 was insensitive to electrostatic discharge. The facile and efficient strategy in this work provides inspiration to enhance the energy output performance and maintain the ESD safety of micron-sized thermites, which could show great potential in various civilian and military applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Analysis and Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites

Chen

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…While nanosized particles were found to outperform their micron counterparts, the performance enhancements were below expectation, and, thus, the exact mechanisms by which these augmentations are accomplished remains debated [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In theory, mixed nanoparticles possess higher interfacial contact and a decrease in mass-transport lengths resulting in much wider reaction fronts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Benchmark Study of Burning Rate of Selected Thermites through an Original Gasless Theoretical Model

Brotman¹,

Rouhani²,

Charlot³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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This paper describes a kinetic model dedicated to thermite nanopowder combustion, in which core equations are based on condensed phase mechanisms only. We explore all combinations of fuels/oxidizers, namely Al, Zr, B/CuO, Fe2O3, WO3, and Pb3O4, with 60 % of the theoretical maximum density packing, at which condensed phase mechanisms govern the reaction. Aluminothermites offer the best performances, with initiation delays in the range of a few tens of microseconds, and faster burn rates (60 cm s−1 for CuO). B and Zr based thermites are primarily limited by diffusion characteristics in their oxides that are more stringent than the common Al2O3 barrier layer. Combination of a poor thermal conductivity and efficient oxygen diffusion towards the fuel allows rapid initiation, while thermal conductivity is essential to increase the burn rate, as evidenced from iron oxide giving the fastest burn rates of all B- and Zr-based thermites (16 and 32 cm·s−1, respectively) despite poor mass transport properties in the condensed phase; almost at the level of Al/CuO (41 versus 61 cm·s−1). Finally, formulations of the effective thermal conduction coefficient are provided, from pure bulk, to nanoparticular structured material, giving light to the effects of the microstructure and its size distribution on thermite performances.

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“…Possible response includes the shut down or disable the device [16], [17], erase critical parts of memory and physically destroy the device [18]- [20]. In this work, we exploit the high-pressurization capability of Al/CuO nanothermites based composites [21]- [23] to design and fabricate a miniature ultimate security device ideally suited to protect sensitive data or hardware against reverse engineering or hacking. A threat is detected, the so called, ultimate security device (USD) remains in sleeping-mode until the threat occurs or simply a risk is imminent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Chip-Level Ultimate Security Device Using Reactive Composites

Sevely

Séguier

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnology for Power Generation and Energy Conversion Applications (Po

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We developed an Ultimate Security Device (USD) that can, in case of intrusion or external attack, blow up a safetycritical component such as memory device. The device consists of two active parts (1) a pyroMEMS ignites in a fraction of millisecond (2) a mass of reactive composite, both encapsulated into a printed hermetic cap and placed over the sensitive component to be protected. After the presentation of the design and integration of the USD, we demonstrated that 400 mg of reactive composite permits to irreversibly destroy the silicon chips (~118 mm 3 ) in less than 10 ms. This ultimate security device provides a speedy and automatic response and can be programmed for tunable actions (generation of pressure burst, heat, chemical species) to implement relevant emergency safety responses.

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Unexpected enhanced reactivity of aluminized nanothermites by accelerated aging

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites

A Benchmark Study of Burning Rate of Selected Thermites through an Original Gasless Theoretical Model

Development of a Chip-Level Ultimate Security Device Using Reactive Composites

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Unexpected enhanced reactivity of aluminized nanothermites by accelerated aging

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe2O3 Thermites

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe2O3 Thermites

A Benchmark Study of Burning Rate of Selected Thermites through an Original Gasless Theoretical Model

Development of a Chip-Level Ultimate Security Device Using Reactive Composites

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Product

Resources

About

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites

Pushing the Limits of Energy Performance in Micron-Sized Thermite: Core–Shell Assembled Liquid Metal-Modified Al@Fe₂O₃ Thermites