Unequal representation of women and men in energy company boards and management groups: Are there implications for mitigation?

Carlsson‐Kanyama, Annika; Juliá, Isabel Ripa; Röhr, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.072

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“….]" ( [49], p. 4739). These results are confirmed for renewable energy where women are underrepresented in companies as well as associations [85].…”

Section: Women's Representation In Boards and Management Groupsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…At the same time, small wind power plants were built and operated by ideologically motivated individuals engaged in the environmental movement. Since wind power plants are quite capital-intensive, individuals pooled financial resources in order to realize alternative energy production ( [32]; [78], p. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. At the end of the 1980s the German government changed its promoting schemes by tailoring them to small wind power operators instead of to industry and implemented the feed-in tariffs explained above.…”

Section: Citizen Participation Schemes In Res-e In Germany: Scope Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender matters: Women, renewable energy, and citizen participation in Germany

Fraune

2015

Energy Research & Social Science

127

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“….]" ( [49], p. 4739). These results are confirmed for renewable energy where women are underrepresented in companies as well as associations [85].…”

Section: Women's Representation In Boards and Management Groupsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Citizen Participation Schemes In Res-e In Germany: Scope Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender matters: Women, renewable energy, and citizen participation in Germany

Fraune

2015

Energy Research & Social Science

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Literature that has applied a gender perspective considered knowledge, participation, women's rights and responsibilities and feminist political 52 movements and activism as units of analysis to examine marginalisation of women (Salleh 2006;Carlsson-Kanyama et al 2010;Alston 2015). Eco-feminist researchers like Alston (2015) emphasise that gender perspectives should be conceptualised beyond households as gender is closely related to politics and power relations within and across community groups.…”

Section: Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Chandra¹

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The climate challenges confronting agriculture are multiple, interconnected and multi-scaled.Agriculture is a source of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, but it is also vulnerable to climate change impacts. Adopting resilient approaches in the agricultural industry can help to contribute to both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a solution to address the multiple challenges of climate change and food security by sustainably increasing productivity, enhancing resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To date, there is limited scholarly evidence on what constitutes climate-smart agriculture, and how it is framed globally and practiced by smallholder farming communities. This research helps to bridge this gap by analysing the international discourse around climate-smart agriculture, and providing local empirical evidence derived from smallholder farming communities in the Philippines and TimorLeste.At the broad level, this research aims to identify how climate-smart agriculture within communitybased adaptation programs is contributing to the integration of mitigation and adaptation responses to climate change. Drawing from political ecology and climate change (adaptation and mitigation sciences) theories, the research explains how socio-institutional factors -inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice -influence climate-smart agriculture. The theoretical arguments are illustrated with empirical case studies of smallholder farmers and civil society organisations in the two case studies. Using mixed qualitative methods and descriptive analysis of over 150 semistructured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, the research examines climate-smart agriculture practices across three broad categories: vulnerability of smallholder farmers (socioeconomic factors), synergistic relationships (adaptation, mitigation and food security) and governance (socio-institutional determinants).This research argues that mitigation and adaptation interventions are climate-smart for smallholder farmers when they directly address local climate risks, support a combination of adaptation, food security and livelihood strategies, and empower at-risk and marginalised populations. Results indicate that climate-smart agriculture in the Philippines and Timor-Leste are characterised and influenced by multiple socio-institutional factors. The increasing burden of loss and damage as a result of extreme climate events subject women to migration, increased discrimination, loss of customary rights to land, resource poverty and food insecurity. In terms of farming practices implemented by smallholder farmers, most adaptation actions were found to have corresponding positive mitigation, food security and livelihood co-benefits. At the community level, climate-smart interventions are highly locationspecific, technically rigorous, involve knowledge-intensive processes, and are influenced by the finance and capacities of local farming com...

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“…A gender lens is commonly used by feminist political ecology scholars to study marginalization and vulnerability. Literature that has applied a gender perspective considers knowledge, participation, womens' rights and responsibilities, and feminist political movements and activism as units of analysis (Alston 2015;Carlsson-Kanyama et al 2010;Salleh 2006). Eco-feminist researchers like Alston (2015) emphasize that gender perspectives should be conceptualized beyond households.…”

Section: Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of political ecology perspectives for smallholder Climate-Smart Agriculture: a review

Chandra

McNamara

Dargusch

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a way of increasing food productivity, building resiliency to climate change and reducing carbon emissions. Despite rapid technical advances, research on climate-smart agriculture has arguably under-theorized the socio-political processes that continue to marginalize vulnerable groups such as smallholder farmers. This review discusses the potential usefulness of political ecology perspectives for improving climate-smart agriculture. Political ecology theory elucidates how three interrelated socio-political processes that perpetuate smallholder farmer vulnerability significantly influence climate-smart responses: inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice. The article discusses these three inter-connected political ecology factors using a number of examples from the Green Revolution, smallholder farming communities, and indigenous farmers. In comparison to conventional technical approaches, our article argues that Climate-Smart Agriculture needs to consider political ecology perspectives at different levels to explore the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to current and future climate change impacts. Interventions to support climate-smart agriculture should examine local risks, specificities and priorities of smallholder farmers. The article concludes with a renewed call for concepts of inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice to be embedded into both the policy and practice of climate smart agriculture. Keywords: climate-smart agriculture, equality, political ecology, power, smallholder, social justice Résumé L'agriculture intelligente face au climat (Climate-Smart Agriculture) est apparue comme un moyen d'accroître la productivité alimentaire, de renforcer la résilience aux changements climatiques et de réduire les émissions de carbone. Malgré les progrès techniques rapides, la recherche sur l'agriculture intelligente au climat a sans doute sous-théorisé les processus sociopolitiques qui continuent à marginaliser les groupes vulnérables tels que les petits agriculteurs. Cet examen traite de l'utilité potentielle des perspectives de «l'écologie politique» pour améliorer l'agriculture intelligente au climat. La théorie de l'écologie politique élucide comment trois processus socio-politiques interdépendants, qui perpétuent la vulnérabilité des petits agriculteurs, influent sur les réponses intelligentes au climat: inégalités, rapports de pouvoir inégaux et injustice sociale. Cet article traite de ces trois facteurs interconnectés en utilisant un certain nombre d'exemples de la «Révolution verte», des petites communautés agricoles et des agriculteurs indigènes. Par rapport aux approches techniques conventionnelles, notre article soutient que l'agriculture intelligente face au climat doit considérer les perspectives d'écologie politique à différents niveaux pour explorer la vulnérabilité des petits exploitants aux impacts actuels et futurs des changements climatiques. Les interventions pour soutenir l'agriculture intelligente au climat...

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Unequal representation of women and men in energy company boards and management groups: Are there implications for mitigation?

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Gender matters: Women, renewable energy, and citizen participation in Germany

Gender matters: Women, renewable energy, and citizen participation in Germany

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

The relevance of political ecology perspectives for smallholder Climate-Smart Agriculture: a review

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