Unequal representation of cardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex

Coppola, David M.; White, Leonard; Fitzpatrick, David; Purves, Dale

doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2621

Cited by 163 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Further, cardinal contours produce larger cortical representations in imaging studies (Chapman and Bonhoeffer, 1998;Coppola et al, 1998;Dragoi et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2003;Yacoub et al, 2008) and ongoing fluctuations appear to be more often correlated with cardinal than with oblique maps (Kenet et al, 2003). Our data largely confirm the latter observation.…”

Section: Lateral Connections Account For a Cardinal Bias In Spontaneosupporting

confidence: 80%

Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas

et al. 2017

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Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas, NeuroImage, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.048 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. We conclude that structured spontaneous maps are primarily generated by thalamo-and/or intracortical connectivity. However, selective long-range connections through the corpus callosum -in perpetuation of the long-range intracortical network -contribute to a cardinal bias, possibly, because they are stronger or more frequent between neurons preferring horizontal and/or cardinal contours. As those contours are easier perceived and appear more frequently in natural environment, long-range connections might provide visual cortex with a grid for probabilistic grouping operations in a larger visual scene.

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Section: Lateral Connections Account For a Cardinal Bias In Spontaneosupporting

confidence: 80%

Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas

et al. 2017

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“…The final orientation preference distribution is also biased towards horizontal and vertical, as seen in ferret visual cortex (Coppola et al 1998). These results are the main novel component of the orientation map simulations.…”

Section: Orientation Map Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…by suturing their eyelids shut, have few orientation-selective neurons in V1 as an adult (Blakemore and van Sluyters 1975;Crair et al 1998). Even in normal adult animals, the distribution of orientation preferences is slightly biased towards horizontal and vertical contours (Chapman and Bonhoeffer 1998;Coppola et al 1998). Such a bias would be expected if the neurons learned orientation selectivity from typical environments, which have more horizontal and vertical contours than oblique ones (e.g.…”

Section: Orientation Map Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing visual function through prenatal and postnatal learning

Miikkulainen¹

2007

Neuroconstructivism Volume TwoPerspectives and Prospects

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Although environment-driven learning can explain much of postnatal neural development, substantial organization and functional ability is present even at birth. Recent experimental discoveries of widespread spontaneous neural activity suggest that prenatal development may utilize very similar mechanisms and principles as postnatal learning, driven by internally generated sources instead of the environment. This chapter shows how this idea can explain features of the organization and function of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher level face-processing areas. Specifically, we simulate how neural preferences for contour orientation and human faces can develop prenatally from internally generated activity and postnatally from natural image stimuli. These simulations are based on HLISSOM, a hierarchical self-organizing model of the development of topographic neural maps. The results match experimental neuroimaging and psychophysical data from newborn and older animals and humans, and provide concrete predictions about infant behavior and neural activity for future experiments. They also suggest that combining internally generated activity with a learning algorithm is an efficient way to develop complex neural machinery.

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“…Previous observations (Furmanski and Engel 2000;Li et al 2003;Wang et al 2003;Xu et al 2006) have revealed that there is more 'neural machinery' devoted to processing the cardinal (horizontal and vertical) orientations than the oblique orientations; these results have been related to the greater psychophysical sensitivity to cardinal than oblique orientations ('the oblique eVect'; Appelle 1972).The higher activation to vertical than horizontal patterns might be taken to similarly reXect an imbalance in the number of neurons that prefer each orientation. However, a single unit study in cat V1 (Li et al 2003) found a greater abundance of neurons tuned to horizontal than to vertical orientations and studies in ferret V1 have shown that larger cortical areas are devoted to horizontal than to vertical orientations (Chapman and BonhoeVer 1998;Coppola et al 1998). In contrast, a recent study using high-Weld fMRI in humans (Yacoub et al 2008) found that there was a bias towards vertical stimuli (with horizontal motion) among orientation-selective columns in V1 (although only a subsection of V1 was analysed in this study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential human brain activation by vertical and horizontal global visual textures

et al. 2010

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Mid-level visual processes which integrate local orientation information for the detection of global structure can be investigated using global form stimuli of varying complexity. Several lines of evidence suggest that the identiWcation of concentric and parallel organisations relies on diVerent underlying neural substrates. The current study measured brain activation by concentric, horizontal parallel, and vertical parallel arrays of short line segments, compared to arrays of randomly oriented segments. Six subjects were scanned in a blocked design functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. We compared percentage BOLD signal change during the concentric, horizontal and vertical blocks within early retinotopic areas, the fusiform face area and the lateral occipital complex. Unexpectedly, we found that vertical and horizontal parallel forms diVerentially activated visual cortical areas beyond V1, but in general, activations to concentric and parallel forms did not diVer. Vertical patterns produced the highest percentage signal change overall and only area V3A showed a signiWcant diVerence between concentric and parallel (horizontal) stimuli, with the former better activating this area. These data suggest that the diVerence in brain activation to vertical and horizontal forms arises at intermediate or global levels of visual representation since the diVerential activity was found in mid-level retinotopic areas V2 and V3 but not in V1. This may explain why earlier studies-using methods that emphasised responses to local orientation-did not discover this vertical-horizontal anisotropy.

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Unequal representation of cardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex

Cited by 163 publications

References 27 publications

Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas

Selective interhemispheric circuits account for a cardinal bias in spontaneous activity within early visual areas

Constructing visual function through prenatal and postnatal learning

Differential human brain activation by vertical and horizontal global visual textures

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