Unequal Distribution of COVID‐19 Risk Among Rural Residents by Race and Ethnicity

Henning‐Smith, Carrie; Tuttle, Mariana S.; Kozhimannil, Katy B.

doi:10.1111/jrh.12463

Cited by 63 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The variant G looks to be more infectious due to its high prevalence over the other variants in the rest of the world but there is still no conclusive evidence to link a unique SNP with the viral phenotype (15). Many other variables are absolutely necessary to consider, such as effective confinement, ethnic groups, access to quality health services, and vaccination programs, in order to confirm/discard those kinds of assumptions (18)(19)(20)(21). Table 2 shows the positions of the SNPs in the genome that determine the variants and lineages and the ORFs where they are located.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Genetic Variants and Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Castillo

Parra

Tapia

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution of Genetic Variants and Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Castillo

Parra

Tapia

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…People with underlying medical conditions, including those with diabetes and chronic diseases (e.g., lung, kidney, and heart), might be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 [16]. Public health researchers are concerned that rural communities might experience a worse situation related to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., greater mortality rates) than their urban and suburban counterparts due to the existing rural/urban health disparities [17][18][19][20]. For example, the higher rates of chronic diseases and less physical exercises impose higher risks of severe illness on rural cases [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 between Urban and Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Chen

2020

IJERPH

157

115

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in preventive behaviors of COVID-19 between urban and rural residents, as well as identify the factors that might contribute to such differences. Methods: Our online survey included 1591 participants from 31 provinces of China with 87% urban and 13% rural residents. We performed multiple linear regressions and path analysis to examine the relationship between rural status and behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norms, information appraisal, knowledge, variety of information source use, and preventive behaviors against COVID-19. Findings: Compared with urban residents, rural residents were less likely to perform preventive behaviors, more likely to hold a negative attitude toward the effectiveness of performing preventive behaviors, and more likely to have lower levels of information appraisal skills. We identified information appraisal as a significant factor that might contribute to the rural/urban differences in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 through attitude, subjective norms, and intention. We found no rural/urban differences in behavioral intention, subjective norms, knowledge about preventive behaviors, or the variety of interpersonal/media source use. Conclusions: As the first wave of the pandemic inundated urban areas, the current media coverage about COVID-19 prevention may not fully satisfy the specific needs of rural populations. Thus, rural residents were less likely to engage in a thoughtful process of information appraisal and adopt the appropriate preventive measures. Tailoring health messages to meet rural populations’ unique needs can be an effective strategy to promote preventive health behaviors against COVID-19.

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“…6 This discrepancy suggests that Black patients are disproportionately affected by COVID-19; these data have been replicated in subsequent population-level studies throughout the country in large urban areas as well as rural regions. [7][8][9][10][11] COVID-19 disproportionally affects vulnerable populations, including patients with cancer and low-income and non-English-speaking populations. 12,13 Currently no comprehensive guidelines inform decision making and health care for these populations to ensure health equity and optimal outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial disparities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and gynecologic malignancy

Lara

Smith

Wang

et al. 2020

Cancer

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Background Mounting evidence suggests disproportionate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) hospitalizations and deaths because of racial disparities. The association of race in a cohort of gynecologic oncology patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 infection is unknown. Methods Data were abstracted from gynecologic oncology patients with COVID‐19 infection among 8 New York City area hospital systems. A multivariable mixed‐effects logistic regression model accounting for county clustering was used to analyze COVID‐19–related hospitalization and mortality. Results Of 193 patients who had gynecologic cancer and COVID‐19, 67 (34.7%) were Black, and 126 (65.3%) were non‐Black. Black patients were more likely to require hospitalization compared with non‐Black patients (71.6% [48 of 67] vs 46.0% [58 of 126]; P = .001). Of 34 (17.6%) patients who died from COVID‐19, 14 (41.2%) were Black. Among those who were hospitalized, compared with non‐Black patients, Black patients were more likely to: have ≥3 comorbidities (81.1% [30 of 37] vs 59.2% [29 of 49]; P = .05), to reside in Brooklyn (81.0% [17 of 21] vs 44.4% [12 of 27]; P = .02), to live with family (69.4% [25 of 36] vs 41.6% [37 of 89]; P = .009), and to have public insurance (79.6% [39 of 49] vs 53.4% [39 of 73]; P = .006). In multivariable analysis, among patients aged <65 years, Black patients were more likely to require hospitalization compared with non‐Black patients (odds ratio, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.82‐12.99; P = .002). Conclusions Although Black patients represented only one‐third of patients with gynecologic cancer, they accounted for disproportionate rates of hospitalization (>45%) and death (>40%) because of COVID‐19 infection; younger Black patients had a nearly 5‐fold greater risk of hospitalization. Efforts to understand and improve these disparities in COVID‐19 outcomes among Black patients are critical.

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Unequal Distribution of COVID‐19 Risk Among Rural Residents by Race and Ethnicity

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

Geographical Distribution of Genetic Variants and Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Geographical Distribution of Genetic Variants and Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile

Differences in Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 between Urban and Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Racial disparities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and gynecologic malignancy

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