Unemployment, GDP, and Crime: The Importance of Multiple Measurements of the Economy

Andresen, Martin A.

doi:10.3138/cjccj.2013.e37

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…A pesar de la abundante literatura que pone a prueba la posible relación existente entre el desempleo y la tasa de mortalidad por homicidios, no se ha logrado aún un consenso sobre su efecto 44 . Esto es, investigaciones como la aquí presentada, han encontrado que el desempleo tiene un efecto positivo y significativo sobre las tasas de homicidios y por lo que se pude considerar un predictor importante de la violencia homicida 45,46 . Otras investigaciones, por el contrario, hallan un efecto negativo del desempleo en la tasa de homicidios 47 o que ambas variables son independientes 48 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia, 2000-2014

Dávila¹,

Montaño

2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resume El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia, impacto en la esperanza de vida y efecto de los principales factores socioeconómicos asociados con la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia entre 2000-2014 a nivel departamental, por sexo y grupos de edad. Se calcularon tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad, años de vida perdidos en menores de 85 años de edad y un análisis de regresión múltiple, ocupando modelos de regresión binomial negativa de datos panel de efectos fijos para analizar los factores socioeconómicos asociados con la incidencia de homicidios. Se corroboró la disminución de la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia, la cual se dio de forma generalizada a nivel departamental, pero no fue homogénea. Se observó un mayor riesgo de fallecer en hombres de 15-49 años de edad. El crecimiento económico y la desigualdad se asociaron negativamente con la tasa de homicidios; el desempleo lo hizo de manera positiva; y la pobreza no tuvo un efecto significativo. Investigar los factores asociados con la violencia homicida es complejo, pero indispensable debido al impacto que tiene en el desarrollo económico y social, ya que afecta mayormente a la población en edades productivas, con amplias consecuencias en salud pública y altos costos de atención de los servicios de salud.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia, 2000-2014

Dávila¹,

Montaño

2019

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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“…Based on previous studies it can be concluded that unemployment is one of the determinants of economic growth, for accelerate the rate of economic growth / GDP it must reduce the unemployment rate. Meanwhile, GDP is an indicator of economic growth that must be increased to achieve sustainable economic development for the welfare of the people of a country (Andresen, 2015;Khumairoh, Aida, Qomariah, & Nasir, 2018;Pratama & Utama, 2019;Sarjono, Anwar, & Darmansyah, 2018;Siti Fatimah, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of MSME in Absorbing Labor and Contribution to GDP

Suhaili

Sugiharsono²

2019

EDAJ

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of MSMEs in absorbing labor and its contribution to GDP in Indonesia. The type of data used is secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs. The analytical method used is descriptive statistics. The results showed that the average number of UMKM labor was 112,709,244 or 97.03%. Micro-businesses absorbed 92% of the workforce, 5% of small businesses and medium-sized businesses were 3% of the total MSMEs workforce. The average contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's GDP during the 2012-2017 period was Rp.5,928,934.98 billion or 59.74%. Micro-enterprises contributed the most, 61.05%, small- enterprises 16.20% and medium- enterprises at 22.75% of the total GDP of MSMEs.

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“…This represents roughly one-third of the increase in Hispanic arrests identified above. Since crime rates can fluctuate both seasonally and with other economic conditions (Andresen 2015), Table 6 estimates the model on the full sample for all racial/ethnic groups, and introduces controls for the unemployment rate and a time trend. In Column 1, the coefficient for the post-287(g) period is negative and significant, but smaller than that of the baseline model.…”

Section: A Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Immigration Enforcement and Arrests of the Hispanic Population

Coon

2017

Journal on Migration and Human Security

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Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which was added to the INA by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), allows the federal government to enter into voluntary partnerships with state and local law enforcement agencies to enforce immigration law. Upon entering these agreements, law enforcement officers are trained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and receive delegated authority to enquire about an individual's immigration status and, if found to be removable, to detain the individual while ICE makes a determination of whether to initiate deportation proceedings. In some instances, this inquiry about immigration status takes place as part of the intake process when a criminal defendant is arrested and placed into a criminal jail. In other instances, task force officers are trained to inquire in the field about immigration status and enforce immigration law against people who have not committed any criminal offense. The key difference between the two models is that task force agents can arrest for immigration violations undocumented individuals who have not committed any criminal offense, whereas in the jail model individuals must be arrested on some other criminal charge before immigration status can be determined. The 287(g) program has raised several concerns regarding its implementation and results. First, the program could lead to racial and ethnic profiling. In particular, given that the majority of undocumented immigrants hail from Latin American countries, it is highly plausible that Hispanics, regardless of immigrant status, might be disproportionally affected by this program. That is, in a jurisdiction that participates in the jail model, an officer might arrest a Hispanic individual for a very minor offence in order to process them through the jail and determine their immigration status, when perhaps without the program they may have only issued a citation. Another concern with the program is that it may lead to tensions between state and local law enforcement and the local community. If the program creates an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust by community members toward state and local law enforcement agents, even law abiding individuals may choose to avoid interaction with law enforcement agents. This can make victims and witnesses hesitant to come forward, for fear that their undocumented status will be uncovered. Such a situation inhibits law enforcement's ability to do its job and can, ironically, make communities less safe. This study explores the effects of implementation of the 287(g) program in Frederick County, Maryland on the arrests of Hispanics. Using data from individual arrest records from the Frederick County Sheriff's Office, which has a 287(g) agreement with ICE, and the Frederick Police Department, which does not, I analyze the changes in arrests between the two agencies before and after the 287(g) program was implemented in 2008. I find that overall, the arrests of Hispanics fell, suggesting that the Hispanic community avoided interaction with law enforcement when the program began. However, I also find that the program led to a significantly higher number of arrests of Hispanics by the Sheriff's Office than would have occurred in its absence, indicating that attention was focused toward the Hispanic community as a result of the program. These results suggest that, if the program is to continue, additional safeguards are needed to prevent abuses and civil rights violations.

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Unemployment, GDP, and Crime: The Importance of Multiple Measurements of the Economy

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia, 2000-2014

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la mortalidad por homicidios en Colombia, 2000-2014

Role of MSME in Absorbing Labor and Contribution to GDP

Local Immigration Enforcement and Arrests of the Hispanic Population

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