Unemployment associated with major depression disorder and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Amiri, Sohrab

doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1954793

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Reduced psychosocial wellbeing, as well as life satisfaction in individuals, is deemed to be linked to unemployment, which in turn raises the likelihood of acquiring affective disorders [ 50 ]. Our finding is consistent with a prior research that assessed the relationship between unemployment and MDD, with the prevalence of depression among the unemployed population rated at 24% [ 52 ]. Another possible explanation of the association between likely MDD and unemployment is that unemployed individuals have a higher rate of indulging in unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles, which in turn may raise the risk of MD [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray

Mao

Adu

Eboreime

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Over 90,000 residents had to be evacuated from Fort McMurray (FMM), Alberta, Canada due to the wildfire that engulfed the city in May 2016. Overall, about 2400 homes or 10% of the housing stock in Fort McMurray were destroyed. The fire consumed about 200,000 hectors of forest, reaching into Saskatchewan. During major disasters, communities’ infrastructure is disrupted, and psychological, economic, and environmental effects are felt for years afterwards. Objective: Five years after the wildfire disaster, this study assessed the prevalence rate of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Fort McMurray residents and determined the demographic, clinical, and other risk factors of probable MDD and PTSD. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data through an online questionnaire administered via REDCap between 24 April and 2 June 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the presence of MDD symptoms in respondents. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-C) was used to assess likely PTSD in respondents. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were employed. Results: 186 out of 249 individuals who accessed the survey link completed it (74.7% response rate). The median age of the subscribers was 42. The sample included a majority of 159 (85.5%) females; 98 (52.7%) > 40 years of age; 175 (94.1%) employed; and 132 (71%) in a relationship. The overall prevalence of MDD symptoms in our study sample was 45.0% (76). Four variables independently predicted MDD symptoms in the multivariate logistic regression model, including: unemployed (OR = 12.39; 95% CI: 1.21–126.37), have received a mental diagnosis of MDD (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57−12.92), taking sedative-hypnotics (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 1.01−27.39), and willingness to receive mental health counseling (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.95–12.31). The prevalence of likely PTSD among our respondents was 39.6% (65). Three independent variables: received a mental health depression diagnosis from a health professional (OR = 4.49; 95% CI: 1.40–14.44), would like to receive mental health counseling (OR = 4.36, 95% CI: 1.54–12.34), and have only limited or no support from family (OR = 11.01, 95% CI: 1.92–63.20) contributed significantly to the model for predicting likely PTSD among respondents while controlling the other factors in the regression model. Conclusions: According to this study, unemployment, taking sleeping pills, having a prior depression diagnosis, and the willingness to receive mental health counseling significantly increase the odds of having MDD and PTSD following wildfires. Family support may protect against the development of these conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray

Mao

Adu

Eboreime

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…These findings can be confirmed by the results of the present study, by showing a significant relationship between membership of the poor mental health group and a positive diagnosis of pOUD compared to the relatively healthy group. As in the present study individuals in the poor mental health group also showed signs of a higher prevalence of unemployment compared to patients in the relatively healthy group, this association could be confirmed by previous studies (50,51).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Subtypes in Patients Taking Prescribed Opioid Analgesics and Their Characteristics: A Latent Class Analysis

et al. 2022

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BackgroundOwing to their pharmacological properties the use of opioid analgesics carries a risk of abuse and dependence, which are associated with a wide range of personal, social, and medical problems. Data-based approaches for identifying distinct patient subtypes at risk for prescription opioid use disorder in Germany are lacking.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of patients using prescribed opioid analgesics at risk for prescription opioid use disorder.MethodsLatent class analysis was applied to pooled data from the 2015 and 2021 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse. Participants were aged 18–64 years and self-reported the use of prescribed opioid analgesics in the last year (n = 503). Seven class-defining variables based on behavioral, mental, and physical health characteristics commonly associated with problematic opioid use were used to identify participant subtypes. Statistical tests were performed to examine differences between the participant subtypes on sociodemographic variables and prescription opioid use disorder.ResultsThree classes were extracted, which were labeled as poor mental health group (43.0%, n = 203), polysubstance group (10.4%, n = 50), and relatively healthy group (46.6%, n = 250). Individuals within the poor mental health group (23.2%, n = 43) and the polysubstance group (31.1%, n = 13) showed a higher prevalence of prescription opioid use disorder compared to those of the relatively healthy group.ConclusionThe results add further evidence to the knowledge that patients using prescribed opioid analgesics are not a homogeneous group of individuals whose needs lie in pain management alone. Rather, it becomes clear that these patients differ in their individual risk of a prescription opioid use disorder, and therefore identification of specific risks plays an important role in early prevention.

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“…In addition, the fact that the education level and the rate of active work were lower in the MS patient group compared to healthy individuals are also factors that should be taken into account. A metaanalysis published in recent years clearly highlights that unemployment increases depressive symptoms (Amiri, 2021). Similarly, it has been reported that low education level is associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression (Brunoni et al2020;Cheah et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A year with the fear of COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients: Examination of depression, sleep quality and quality of life before and after the pandemic

Yeni

Tülek

Terzı

2022

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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Unemployment associated with major depression disorder and depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 158 publications

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray

Subtypes in Patients Taking Prescribed Opioid Analgesics and Their Characteristics: A Latent Class Analysis

A year with the fear of COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients: Examination of depression, sleep quality and quality of life before and after the pandemic

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