Unemployment and expenditure on health and education as mediators of the association between toothbrushing and global income inequalities

Tantawi, Maha El; Aly, Nourhan M.; Foláyan, Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02570-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…It is estimated that 67% of Egyptian preschool children suffer from untreated ECC [ 14 ]. In addition, Egyptian school children aged 11–15 years old rank the second lowest worldwide in the percentage of children with regular toothbrushing (32.1%) [ 15 ]. The large number of Egyptian preschool children affected by ECC, and the prevalent suboptimal level of oral hygiene call for interventions to affect behavior change and instill proper oral hygiene practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and acceptability of behavioral interventions promoting mothers’ brushing of pre-school children’s teeth: The preparation phase of the multi-phase optimization strategy framework

Ihab,

Abdelaziz,

Hassan

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Background Early childhood caries can be prevented through regular parental-supported toothbrushing, indicating the importance of behavior modification interventions targeting parents. Mobile oral health (m-oral health) interventions are gaining increased popularity although their production is not always based on solid theoretical frameworks and evidence about the efficacy of individual intervention components is not available. The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) offers a framework to develop complex m-oral health interventions and assessing the efficacy of individual components. Aim This study describes the development and assesses the acceptability of 3 intervention components using MOST to promote mothers’ brushing of their preschool children’s teeth. Methods The Theory of Planned Behavior guided the development of 3 components: motivational interviewing (MI), storytelling videos (STVs), and oral health promotion messages (OHPMs). A researcher received training to conduct MI. Twenty-four OHPMs were developed, and 14 STVs scripts were developed based on the “And, But, Therefore” framework. A feasibility pilot study was conducted to determine the optimization objective and assess mothers’ preferences regarding the frequency and timing of receiving the intervention components. The mothers participated in a semi-structured interview to assess the acceptability of the components using 7 open-ended questions based on the framework of acceptability and thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The mothers also responded to questions assessing the perceived and experienced acceptability of the components using close-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were presented as means and standard deviations for continuous variables and median and interquartile range for categorical variables. Results Sixteen mothers were included. The mothers expressed positive affective attitude towards the interventions. They felt the components served as “good reminders” to brush their children’s teeth. However, “time” was a burden for the mothers. 80% of the mothers preferred receiving the OHPMs and STVs once per week, from 8 pm to 2 am (50%), and 60% indicated they can set 15–30 min to receiving the interventions. Conclusion The 3 components were acceptable to the mothers. The OHPMs and STVs will be sent to the mothers once per week, between 8 pm to 2 am. The MI and follow-up phone calls will be limited to 15 min.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and acceptability of behavioral interventions promoting mothers’ brushing of pre-school children’s teeth: The preparation phase of the multi-phase optimization strategy framework

Ihab,

Abdelaziz,

Hassan

et al. 2023

BMC Oral Health

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Clustering of children’s oral diseases in families and villages in a rural setting in Egypt

2023

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Background This study assessed the clustering of children’ caries experience, plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in families and villages in Northwestern Egypt and the factors related to the severity of these conditions. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a 2019 household survey of children in villages around Alexandria, Egypt. Clinical examination assessed primary and permanent teeth caries experience (dmft/ DMFT using the World Health Organization criteria), plaque accumulation (Plaque Index (PlI)) and gingival inflammation (Gingival Index (GI)). A child questionnaire assessed child’s age, sex, the frequency of toothbrushing (at least twice daily versus less) and frequency of consuming eight types of sugary products (daily sugar consumption score, sum of sugary products consumed daily). Mothers’ questionnaire assessed the number of children in the family, mother’s education (at least high school versus less), at least twice daily toothbrushing and daily sugar consumption similar to the child. Multilevel regression analyses assessed clustering, calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the three conditions in families and villages. Regression estimates (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of individual and family factors were calculated. Results Complete data were available for 450 children (246 families, seven villages], mean = 9.9 years-old and 56% females. The mean caries experience score = 3.6, mean plaque index = 1.5 and mean gingival index = 1.2. Caries experience, plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation were not clustered in villages (ICC < 0.01) but clustered in families (ICC = 0.10, 0.44 and 0.29). Child factors significantly improved model fit for caries experience and gingivitis (p < 0.001) but not plaque accumulation (p = 0.90). Family factors did not improve any model fit (p > 0.05). Child’s age was significantly associated with caries experience (B= -0.48, p < 0.001) and gingival inflammation (B = 0.032, p < 0.001). Children who brushed their teeth twice daily had significantly more caries experience (B = 1.04, p = 0.01). Conclusion The three oral conditions were not clustered in villages but clustered in families. Plaque accumulation showed the greatest within-family clustering. Family factors were not associated with the three conditions and individual factors indicated the need for interventions to promote preventive behaviors and identify families at risk of oral conditions.

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A Tele-detection and referral pAthways model for early childhood cariEs control- a protocol for a randomized factorial study: the TRACE study

Aly,

El Kashlan,

Giraudeau

et al. 2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common childhood diseases affecting the primary teeth of children younger than 6 years of age. ECC progression can be reversed in the early stages although these lesions often go undetected. New approaches are needed to detect oral diseases at an early stage when they can be better controlled. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of ECC tele-detection methods combined with referral pathways with and without user fee removal in controlling ECC. Methods A randomized factorial trial will be used to compare two tele-dentistry detection methods for ECC (intraoral camera and smartphone camera) and two referral pathways (user fee removal versus conventional care). The study will recruit children younger than 6 years of age in marginalized communities in Alexandria, Egypt. The primary outcome is the percentage of teeth receiving indicated care, while the secondary outcomes are the oral health-related quality of life, acceptance of teledentistry by dentists, procedure time, and child cooperation. Two-way analysis of variance will be used to assess the effect of the two factors as between group variables on the outcomes after 6 and 12 months. The interaction between detection methods and referral pathways will also be assessed, and the effect of confounders will be controlled in a multivariable linear regression model. Discussion The findings of this study have the potential to inform clinical practice and oral healthcare policies for ECC management. Successful tele-detection and referral pathways could be integrated into oral healthcare systems, leading to improved oral health outcomes for children. Trial registration The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in August 2023 (initial release) ID: NCT06019884. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-024-04706-8.

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Unemployment and expenditure on health and education as mediators of the association between toothbrushing and global income inequalities

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

Development and acceptability of behavioral interventions promoting mothers’ brushing of pre-school children’s teeth: The preparation phase of the multi-phase optimization strategy framework

Development and acceptability of behavioral interventions promoting mothers’ brushing of pre-school children’s teeth: The preparation phase of the multi-phase optimization strategy framework

Clustering of children’s oral diseases in families and villages in a rural setting in Egypt

A Tele-detection and referral pAthways model for early childhood cariEs control- a protocol for a randomized factorial study: the TRACE study

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