Une population urbanisée: les rapatriés d'Algérie

Abstract

Résumé. - Les 4/5e de la population rapatriée d'Algérie (1 013 OCX) personnes en 1973), sont localisées dans les villes et, pour les 2/3, dans celles de plus de 100 000 habitants. La majorité des rapatriés (600 000) sont concentrés dans le Midi de la France, contrairement aux intentions de la politique gouvernementale. Ce sont en général des petites gens sans qualification professionnelle. Au contraire, la minorité, installée dans le Nord, est faite de personnes plus jeunes, cadres dans l'administration ou l'industrie. Partout cette population de rapatriés est un ferment de dynamisme économique ; l'indemnisation accroîtra son pouvoir d'achat.

The Impact of Immigration on Wage Dynamics: Evidence from the Algerian Independence War

“…This instrument should be (i) correlated with the distribution of repatriates across regions but (ii) uncorrelated with the unobserved component of wage growth in the region. First, as shown empirically by Hunt (1992) and also suggested by French studies on the repatriates (see, e.g., Baillet, 1975;Zytnicki, 1998), climatic conditions played an important role in shaping the settlement decisions of repatriates. They mostly settle in the south of France where the climatic conditions are close to Algeria.…”

“…According to the French census implemented in March 1968, one million of people moved to France over the [1962][1963][1964][1965][1966][1967][1968] period. This large influx mostly occurred between April andDecember 1962 (McDonald, 1965;Zytnicki, 1998;Moumen, 2010), with a peak during the summer where 500,000 repatriates arrived in France (Baillet, 1975). Figure 1 presents the flows of people moving from Algeria to France between 1962 and 1968.…”

“…In order to estimate the impact of a sudden and massive inflow of migrants on the labor market outcomes of natives, a common approach is to implement a difference-indifferences strategy by comparing wage (or employment) changes in the regions affected by the immigrant inflow to wage (or employment) changes in unaffected regions with similar characteristics (Card, 1990;Borjas, 2016;Peri and Yasenov, 2015;Foged and Peri, 2016;Tumen, 2016). Instead of using a post-treatment dummy, some studies rather use a measure of immigrant penetration across geographical areas to define a variable with different "treatment intensity" (Altonji and Card, 1991;Hunt, 1992;Dustmann et al, 30 The fact that the repatriates were more skilled than the pre-existing labor force is also documented in Baillet (1975); Borjas and Monras (2016); Clemens and Hunt (2017). 31 Conditional on education, the percent supply shifts induced by the repatriates are always weaker for women.…”

“…See, e.g.,Hunt (1992);Okkerse (2008);Borjas and Monras (2016) for economic studies andMcDonald (1965);Baillet (1975); Zytnicki (1998) for historical studies.29 This differential increase in labor supply is partly due to differences in participation rates. In fact, the participation rate of female repatriates is lower than for female natives (respectively 35.4 vs 42.3 percent), whereas the participation rate of male repatriates is higher than for male natives (respectively 92.0 vs 90.1 percent) -see Appendix-Table 9.…”

“…See, e.g.,Hunt (1992);Okkerse (2008);Borjas and Monras (2016) for economic studies andMcDonald (1965);Baillet (1975); Zytnicki (1998) for historical studies.…”