Undulant Fever: With Special Reference to a Study of Brucella Infection in Iowa

Hardy, A. V.; Jordan, C. F.; Borts, I. H.; Hardy, Grace Campbell

doi:10.2307/4579817

Cited by 5 publications

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“…Of the 74 cases of all ages who gave no history of contact with animals, only 38 or 51 percent were males. Similar observations have been made in Iowa (35,68). Thus under the same conditions of exposure, both sexes appear to be equally susceptible.…”

Section: Sex and Age Distributionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It had been established that a large reservoir of infection was present in naturally infected goats, swine, and cattle; that the organisms isolated from each of these groups of animals constitute separate though closely related species which can be differentiated on the basis of cultural and metabolic characteristics and which vary in invasiveness and in the severity of disease produced in imals; and that each of the three species may produce human illness. Subsequently, it has been learned -that other domestic animals including horses (39,40) and dogs (35,41) may be naturally infected, and that even chickens may be susceptible (43).…”

Section: Principles Of Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Epidemiologic Study of Brucellosis in Minnesota

Rl¹,

Kabler²

1949

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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Schroeder and Cotton (10) discovered in 1911 that milk obtained from certain cows, when injected into guinea pigs, produced lesions resembling tuberculosis. The same observation was made independently by Smith and Fabyan (11) in 1912 who called attention to the similarity of these "milk injection" lesions to those produced by B. abortus in guinea pigs. Both groups subsequently isolated the organism from cow's milk and identified it as B. abortw (10, 12). These findings caused Schroeder and Cotton (10) to propose that B. abortus might well be pathogenic for man. The question of human pathogenicity was further stimulated by Larson and Sedgwick (13) who demonstrated complement-fixing antibodies against B. abortus in the blood of children who drank raw milk. Cooledge (14) fed viable organisms in milk to several human volunteers without any evidence of clinical illness resulting. He was able to demonstrate B. abortus agglutinins in these individuals but concluded that they were absorbed from the ingested milk. The isolation of a similar organism from swine and its association with infectious-abortion in sows was first reported in 1914 by Traum (16). The link between these diverse observations was furnished in 1918 by Alice Evans (16) who found that Micrococcus meliten8is, the known etiologic agent of undulant fever which had first been isolated at autopsy by Bruce in 1887, was morphologically, culturally, biochemically, and serologically related to B. abortus. Following the suggestion of Meyer (17) in 1920, the generic name BruceUa found general acceptance, and after several years of confused terminology the caprine, bovine, and porcine organisms were designated, as proposed by Huddleson (18), as separate species: Br. mditensi8, Br. abortus, and Br. suis. Following the disclosure of the true relationship between Micro-coCCu melitensri (Bruce) and Bacillus abortus (Bang), Keefer (19) reported the first proved case of human brucellosis in this country of non-caprine origin. Other cases of non-caprine origin in the United States were soon reported by Gage and Gregory (20), Huddleson (21), and Carpenter and Merriam (22). Concurrent observations appeared in other countries (23). Although several of these early case reports indicated that contact with infected animals was a probable means of infection, and the original reports of the Commission on Mediterranean Fever pointed out that infection mav occur through small wounds of the skin, attention in this country centered on contaminated milk as a source of human disease. Evans (24), Fleischner and Meyer (26), Carpenter and Baker (26), and others (27, 28, 29, 30, 31) pursued the problem and demonstrated the widespread occurrence of Br. aboTtw in raw milk

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Section: Sex and Age Distributionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Principles Of Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%