Undoped ZnO electrodes for low-cost indoor organic photovoltaics

Goo, Ji Soo; Lee, Jung-Hoon; Shin, Sang Chul; Park, Jin‐Seong; Shim, Jae Won

doi:10.1039/c8ta08432g

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Except for the above-mentioned strategies for improving the performance of IOPVs, other methods are reported as well, such as tandem device, [61] electrode engineering, [62] solvent vapor annealing (SVA), [63] introducing metal nanoparticles (NPs), [64] and so on. These non-mainstream methods are briefly discussed below.…”

Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of High‐Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

ChemSusChem

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In recent years, indoor organic photovoltaics (IOPVs) have attracted increasing attention because of their ability to power microelectronic devices and sensors, especially for the internet of things (IoT). In contrast with silicon‐based indoor PV, the IOPVs exhibit better performance due to their tunable bandgap via molecular design, which could achieve a better spectrum matched with the lighting sources. Based on the simulated power conversion efficiency (PCE) in theory, the maximum value can achieve over 50 % under the white LED illumination, which is much higher than the practical top PCE of 31 %, indicating there is room further to improve the performance of IOPVs by various optimization methods. Based on these benefits, the recent progress in IOPVs with different methods was summarizes, and light was shed on the remaining challenges for achieving practical applications in the future. In the end, some guidelines for the development of IOPVs were proposed.

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Section: Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of High‐Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics

Liu

Luo

et al. 2021

ChemSusChem

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“…Goo and co-workers first introduced undoped ZnO TCEs for indoor OPVs (Figure 8a-f). [79] It should be noted that even though the low-cost ZnO has a relatively low work function of ≈4.2 eV and high transmittance in the visible region, it had never been used for the TCE itself owing to its relatively high resistivity. Rather, it is used for the ETLs of outdoor OPVs.…”

Section: Transparent Conducting Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P3HT:PCBA-based indoor OPVs with top PEDOT:PSS TCE were realized. These devices showed an indoor PCE of over 7.0% with varying light intensities from a FL tube lamp (300 to 1000 lx), and the high performance was attributed to the high R P (7.9 MΩ cm −2 ) and improved conductivity [79] Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. g) Schematic illustration of an inverted OPV structure with the ZAZ TCE.…”

Section: Transparent Conducting Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: Optimal Cell Design Principles with Synergistic Parasitic Resistance and Optical Modulation Effect

Saeed

Kim

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Recently, the growing popularity of indoor electronic devices has led to considerable attention on ambient energy harvesting systems. In particular, the incorporation of electronic products that harness the Internet of Things (IoT) services has spurred interest in semipermanent indoor power generation systems, owing to their numerous sensor nodes. [1][2][3][4][5] Ambient energies such as light and heat and the conversion systems to turn them into electricity have been vigorously investigated for practical applications. Among them, indoor light energy and photovoltaic (PV) systems have shown potential for harvesting ambient energy, considering the high accessibility of the pertinent energy sources as well as the excellent power conversion capabilities of the PV system. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] PV systems could incorporate different types of light-absorbing materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide, and organics. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is most suited for indoor energy harvesters, since their unique optical properties (such as high absorption coefficient and bandgap tunability) and other features (such as superior mechanical flexibility and diverse color options) could well match the indoor light conditions/environments characterized by low light intensity, varying output spectra, and aesthetic considerations. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Many studies tried to enhance the performance of OPVs under altered light conditions as opposed to outdoor conditions (1 sun) (more in detail will be discussed later). [20][21][22][23][24] As a result, substantial progress has been made, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 28% [25] with a 1000 lx fluorescent (FL) lamp and 30.8% with a 1650 lx light emitting diode (LED). [4] These PCE values correspond to ≈160 µW cm −2 in output power density, which is large enough to operate certain indoor electronic devices such as smoke detectors (6 µW) and occupation motion detectors (28 µW). However, these values are far below the theoretical limits of 45.7% for the FL lamp and 58.4% for the LED. [26] Thus, there remains significant room for improvement.Compared to 1 sun illumination commonly considered for outdoor PVs, the indoor environment is characterized by much lower light intensities and completely different output spectra. Therefore, realization of efficient OPVs under indoor Recently, indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has attracted substantial research attention, due to the emergence of self-powered electronic devices for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. This progress report discusses recent developments in indoor OPVs, focusing on the strategic role of synergistic parasitic resistance in suppressing the leakage current to achieve high indoor efficiencies. Moreover, an underexplored area is presented, namely the impact of optical modulation on enhancing light absorption in indoor OPVs. First, the main advances in material design for indoor OPVs are briefly presented. This is followed by detailed discussions of the crucial strategies, including interfacial e...

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“…Various PV materials have been employed so far to develop efficient solar cells for indoor applications. These solar cells can be classified into four different categories, namely, inorganic solar cells (ISCs) [ 14 , 24 , 25 ], dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [ 21 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], organic solar cells (OSCs) [ 13 , 16 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], and perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Among them, ISCs exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) in outdoor environments (1-sun condition), whereas DSSCs, OSCs, and PVSCs show a good performance in indoor environments (for low-intensity light).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Progress and Development

Biswas

Kim

2020

Polymers

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The Internet of things (IoT) has been rapidly growing in the past few years. IoT connects numerous devices, such as wireless sensors, actuators, and wearable devices, to optimize and monitor daily activities. Most of these devices require power in the microwatt range and operate indoors. To this end, a self-sustainable power source, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, which can harvest low-intensity indoor light, is appropriate. Recently, the development of highly efficient PV cells for indoor applications has attracted tremendous attention. Therefore, different types of PV materials, such as inorganic, dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite materials, have been employed for harvesting low-intensity indoor light energy. Although considerable efforts have been made by researchers to develop low-cost, stable, and efficient PV cells for indoor applications, Extensive investigation is necessary to resolve some critical issues concerning PV cells, such as environmental stability, lifetime, large-area fabrication, mechanical flexibility, and production cost. To address these issues, a systematic review of these aspects will be highly useful to the research community. This study discusses the current status of the development of indoor PV cells based on previous reports. First, we have provided relevant background information. Then, we have described the different indoor light sources, and subsequently critically reviewed previous reports regarding indoor solar cells based on different active materials such as inorganic, dye-sensitized, organic, and perovskite. Finally, we have placed an attempt to provide insight into factors needed to further improve the feasibility of PV technology for indoor applications.

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Undoped ZnO electrodes for low-cost indoor organic photovoltaics

Abstract: OPVs with undoped ZnO electrodes showed excellent indoor performance with an efficiency of 9.5 ± 0.3% under an LED.

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

An Overview of High‐Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics

An Overview of High‐Performance Indoor Organic Photovoltaics

Indoor Organic Photovoltaics: Optimal Cell Design Principles with Synergistic Parasitic Resistance and Optical Modulation Effect

Solar Cells for Indoor Applications: Progress and Development

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