“…We hope that the framework we developed here serves as a guide for collective action research to investigate more systematically qualities (e.g., fragile entitlement versus allyship) and tactics (e.g., denial, making invisible, retaliation) of the powerful, as well as support for the disadvantaged (e.g., shared recognition of inequality regimes, resilience concerning backlash, solidarity). Policies that intervene at the individual level will not lead to equity, and might even harm those who are supposedly benefitting from these policies, as has been argued for gender and development initiatives backfiring on women (e.g., Täuber, 2019; Yasmine & Moughalian, 2016). This necessarily comes with exposing current as well as historical injustices (e.g., colonialism) that have led to these power asymmetries in resources and social and economic positions (Abimbola et al., 2021).…”