“…is the closed neighbourhood of v (that is, a neighbourhood of v containing v). It turns out that cloning a vertex of a graph G with M B(G) = k results in a graph G ′ with M B(G ′ ) ≤ k. The following proposition is proved in Theorem 6.3 of [12], it is also implied by Corollary 4 of [1]. In [12], this is used to characterize graphs G with M B(G) = 2 by constructing minimal such graphs (these are K 1 , K 1 ∪ K 1 , K 2,1 , K 2,2,...,2 and K 2,2,...,2,1 ) and constructing all the other such graphs by cloning vertices in the minimal graphs.…”