Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (UCNT): Current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Altun, Musa; Fandi, Abderrahim; Dupuis, Olivier; Cvitkovic, Esteban; Krajina, Zdenko; Eschwège, F.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(95)00516-2

Cited by 148 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Although the radiotherapy can control early stage of NPC, tumor recurrence and distant metastasis are the key difficulties of NPC therapy 4, 5, 6, 7. At present, NPC tumorigenesis and progression are thought to be multistep processes involving multiple genetic and epigenetic changes 8, 9, 10, 11. Although molecular biology studies have improved general understanding of the tumorigenesis and progression of NPC, the appropriate biomarkers for metastasis mechanism have not yet been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARHGAP42 promotes cell migration and invasion involving PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Lin

Ding

et al. 2018

Cancer Medicine

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Rho GTPase‐activating protein 42 was identified as an inhibitor of RhoA to maintain normal blood pressure homeostasis. However, the effect of ARHGAP42 in promoting cell malignancy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is demonstrated in this study. Microarray and real‐time quantitative PCR were used for a mRNA profiling of ARHGAP42 in nasopharyngeal primary and metastatic carcinoma tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used for detecting the expression of ARHGAP42 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. The overexpression and silence experiments of ARHGAP42 were performed in NPC cell lines using siRNA and expressive plasmid for evaluating cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Real‐time quantitative PCR, western blot, and transwell test were employed for with the function of ARHGAP42 and its antisense lncRNA uc010rul. We confirmed the elevated expression of ARHGAP42 in metastatic NPC tissues of mRNA and protein for the first time. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that NPC patients with highly ARHGAP42 expression were significantly associated with shorter metastasis‐free survival. Knockdown of ARHGAP42 resulted in significant inhibition of nasopharyngeal cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and the overexpression of ARHGAP42 showed the opposite effects. In addition, the silence of uc010rul resulted in ARHGAP42 expression decrease and significant inhibition of nasopharyngeal cancer cell migration and invasion. High expression of ARHGAP42 is associated with poor metastasis‐free survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. ARHGAP42 promotes migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro; the antisense lncRNA may be involved in this effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ARHGAP42 promotes cell migration and invasion involving PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Lin

Ding

et al. 2018

Cancer Medicine

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“…(2) NPC is a radiosensitive tumor for which there is a high local control rate after radical radiotherapy. However, for patients with locoregionally advanced disease, the rate of distant metastasis is high and the 5-year overall survival rate is poor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targeting of the endothelin a receptor in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Qiang

Zeng²,

Feng³

et al. 2006

Cancer Science

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The endothelin A receptor (ET A R) autocrine pathway is overexpressed in many malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this tumor, ET A R expression is an independent determinant of survival and a robust independent predictor of distant metastasis. To evaluate whether ET A R represents a new target in NPC treatment, we tested the therapeutic role of ET A R in NPC. N asopharyngeal carcinoma is common in Southern China, with an annual incidence of 15-50 cases per 100 000 people.(1) NPC is distinct from other epithelial malignancies in the head and neck region in that it affects a relatively young population and has a propensity for distant metastases.(2) NPC is a radiosensitive tumor for which there is a high local control rate after radical radiotherapy. However, for patients with locoregionally advanced disease, the rate of distant metastasis is high and the 5-year overall survival rate is poor.(3) Randomized trials have confirmed that chemotherapy improves the distant metastasis control rate in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC; however, approximately 20% or more of the patients still have distant metastasis develop despite intensive chemotherapy.(4,5) These findings underscore the need to develop novel strategies in the management of patients with advanced NPC.The family of ET, including ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3, are 21-amino acid peptides exerting many biological effects.(6) Two major receptor subtypes belonging to the G protein-coupled family of receptors mediate ET signals: ET A R, which binds ET-1 and ET-2 with high affinity and ET-3 with low affinity; and ET B R, which binds all ET isopeptides with equal affinity.(7) ET-1, which is the most common circulating form of ET, is produced by many epithelial tumors.(8) ET-1 induces cell proliferation directly or synergistically with other growth factors that are relevant in cancer progression. Engagement of ET A R by ET-1 triggers activation of tumor proliferation, (9-13) VEGF-induced angiogenesis, (14,15) invasiveness (16) and inhibition of apoptosis. (17,18) The ET-1-ET A R autocrine pathway has a key role in the development and progression of prostatic, ovarian and cervical cancers.(9) The major relevance of ET A R in tumor development has led to an extensive search of highly selective antagonists. ABT-627 (Atrasentan), one such antagonist, is orally bioavailable and has suitable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles for clinical use. (19,20) ABT-627 has been given to cancer patients in phase II trials for prostate cancer and delayed the time to clinical and prostate-specific antigen progression.(21) Two pivotal randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational phase III trials are ongoing in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer to verify these findings.We reported previously that patients with advanced-stage NPC had elevated plasma big ET-1 levels compared with the levels in healthy control participants; high pretreatment plasma big ET-1 levels are generally associated with post-treatment distant failure.(22) Our pr...

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“…The histological pattern of NPC among the Chinese population comprise mainly the World Health Organization (WHO) types II (nonkeratinising) and III (undifferentiated) (Chan et al, 1998). Both histological types are often considered together as they share similar epidemiological, clinical and serologic characteristics, as distinct from the epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck region seen in the western population (Shanmugaratnam and Sobin, 1993;Altun et al, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of a new prognostic index score for disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Toh

Heng

et al. 2005

Br J Cancer

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Patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma have variable survival outcomes. We previously designed a scoring system to better prognosticate these patients. Here, we report results on validation of this new prognostic index score in a separate cohort of patients. Clinical features and laboratory parameters were examined in 172 patients with univariate and multivariate analyses and a numerical score was derived for each independent prognostic variable. Significant independent prognostic variables and their scores assigned included poor performance status (score 5), haemoglobin o12 g dl À1 (score 4) and disease-free interval (DFI) (DFIp6 months (score 10) or metastases at initial diagnosis (score 1)). Maximum score was 19 and patients stratified into three prognostic groups: good, 0 -3; intermediate, 4 -8; poor, X9. When applied to a separate cohort of 120 patients, 59 patients were good, 43 intermediate and 18 poor prognosis, with median survivals of 19.6 (95% CI 16.1, 23.1), 14.3 (95% CI 12.3, 16.2) and 7.9 (95% CI 6.6, 9.2) months, respectively. (logrank test: P ¼ 0.003). We have validated a new prognostic score with factors readily available in the clinics. This simple score will prove useful as a method to prognosticate and stratify patients as well as to promote consistent reporting among clinical trials.

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Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (UCNT): Current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects

Cited by 148 publications

References 123 publications

ARHGAP42 promotes cell migration and invasion involving PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

ARHGAP42 promotes cell migration and invasion involving PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Therapeutic targeting of the endothelin a receptor in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Validation of a new prognostic index score for disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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