Underweight Nutritional Status as a Predictor of Mortality in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Purpose: The research was conducted to determine the risk of mortality in underweight Alzheimer’s patients and consider nutritional maintenance as an important management approach in Alzheimer’s patients. Methods: This review used publications found in Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. The keywords were “((Alzheimer’s Diseased) AND (Underweight) AND (Mortality))”. A meta-analysis review with Revman 5 software calculated the average relative risk from all selected cohort studies. Result: The process identified 230 articles; only three studies with 1423 patients were included. The meta-analysis result showed that underweight patients have a higher risk of mortality than normal weight patients based on their BMI status. (RR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32-2.06). Conclusion: Underweight nutritional status in Alzheimer’s patients increases the risk of mortality compared to the individuals with normal nutritional status.
 Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan risiko kematian pasien penyakit Alzheimer yang memiliki berat badan kurang dan mempertimbangkan pemeliharaan nutrisi sebagai bagian dari pendekatan tata laksana pasien Alzheimer. Metode: Tinjauan dalam publikasi ini diambil dari Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, dan ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah “((Alzheimer Diseased) AND (Underweight) AND (Mortality))”. Tinjauan meta-analisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Revman 5 menghitung rata-rata risiko relatif dari semua studi kohort yang dipilih. Hasil: Dari 230 artikel yang berhasil diidentifikasi, 3 studi dengan 1423 pasien dimasukkan dalam studi. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan berdasarkan status indeks massa tubuh, bahwa pasien dengan berat badan kurang memiliki risiko mortalitas lebih tinggi daripada pasien dengan berat badan normal (RR: 1,65; 95% CI: 1,32-2,06). Simpulan: Kondisi nutrisi dengan berat badan kurang pada pasien Alzheimer meningkatkan risiko mortalitas dibandingkan dengan individu yang memiliki berat badan normal.

Development of Telmisartan Nanocrystal-Based Dissolving Microneedle for Brain Targeting via Trigeminal Pathway: A Potentially Promising Treatment for Alzheimer’s with an Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile

“…These facts position ALZ as the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. 5 However, only five drugs were available for ALZ therapy, such as drugs from the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) class. 3 These drugs served as the first-line therapy for ALZ but, when used for a prolonged period, could result in numerous detrimental side effects, including muscle cramps, anorexia, dyspepsia, weight loss, and vertigo.…”

“…It gradually deteriorates sufferers’ cognitive ability, memory, and behavior. , ALZ is caused by the aggregation or excessive production of the standard protein (β-amyloid) (Aβ) generated by amyloid precursor protein (APP), as well as several risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and kidney failure. , Currently, 50 million people are diagnosed with ALZ, and the number is projected to increase by up to 400%. These facts position ALZ as the seventh leading cause of death worldwide . However, only five drugs were available for ALZ therapy, such as drugs from the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) class .…”