Underwater transducer wetting agents

Ivey, Larry E.; Thompson, Corley M.

doi:10.1121/1.392459

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Mass. ), pre viously wetted [24] and calibrated with a pistonphone (Bruel and Kjaer Instruments. Inc., model 4223), was sutured to the skin near the ear of 2 of the 5 fetuses.…”

Section: Materials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibroacoustic Stimulation with a Complex Signal: Effect on Behavioral State in Fetal Sheep

Abrams

Schwab²,

Gerhardt³

et al. 1996

Neonatology

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An ideal vibroacoustic stimulus for testing fetal reactivity has yet to be developed. In the present study in fetal sheep we tested the effect on behavioral state of an amplitude and frequency-modulated signal produced at the abdominal surface of the ewe. The stimulus was presented during periods of fetal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Evaluation of behavioral state was accomplished by visual observation of strip-chart recordings. Assessed in this manner, vibroacoustic stimulation during NREM sleep consistently resulted in a change to an indeterminate state. However, stimulation during REM sleep failed to have an effect. Additional evaluation applying spectral analysis to the fetal electrocorticogram during stimulation in NREM sleep revealed a marked decrease in delta band power from 100 to 27 ± 5% and in theta band power from 100 to 40 ± 4% resulting in a decrease in total power from 100 to 35 ± 4% (p < 0.05). Stimulation during REM sleep revealed a significant increase in beta band power from 100 to 123 ± 14%. Vibroacoustic stimulation in both NREM and REM sleep led to an increase in spectral edge frequency, implying central arousal.

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“…Mass. ), pre viously wetted [24] and calibrated with a pistonphone (Bruel and Kjaer Instruments. Inc., model 4223), was sutured to the skin near the ear of 2 of the 5 fetuses.…”

Section: Materials and M Ethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%