Underwater Sensor Network Positioning Using an AUV Moving on a Random Waypoint Path

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

As one of the important facilities for marine exploration, as well as environment monitoring, access control, and security, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are widely used in related military and civil fields, since the sensor node localization is the basis of UWSNs’ application in various related fields. Therefore, the research of localization algorithms based on UWSNs has gradually become one of the research hotspots today. However, unlike terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSNs), many terrestrial monitoring and localization technologies cannot be directly applied to the underwater environment. Moreover, due to the complexity and particularity of the underwater environment, the localization of underwater sensor nodes still faces challenges, such as the localization ratio of sensor nodes, time synchronization, localization accuracy, and the mobility of nodes. In this paper, we propose a mobility-assisted localization scheme with time synchronization-free feature (MALS-TSF) for three-dimensional (3D) large-scale UWSNs. In addition, the underwater drift of the sensor node is considered in this scheme. The localization scheme can be divided into two phases. In Phase I, anchor nodes are distributed in the monitoring area, reducing the monitoring cost. Then, we address a time-synchronization-free localization scheme, to obtain the coordinates of the unknown sensor nodes. In Phase II, we use the method of two-way TOA to locate the remaining ordinary sensor nodes. The simulation results show that MALS-TSF can achieve a relatively high localization ratio without time synchronization.

Section: Sensor Network Uwsns Terrestrial Wsnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mobility-Assisted Localization Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Large-Scale UWSNs

Yang

Wang

et al. 2020

“…Thus, we introduce some papers that are asynchronous based on a range-free scheme. In [ 39 , 40 ], the range-free scheme employs an AUV to periodically broadcast a message block via four directional acoustic beams. Both AUV position and a directional dependent marker are contained in the message block.…”

Section: Localization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… System architecture contains sensor nodes and a mobile AUV equipped with four directional beams [ 39 , 40 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Localization Algorithms Based on Acoustic Communication for Underwater Sensor Networks

Fan

et al. 2018

The water source, as a significant body of the earth, with a high value, serves as a hot topic to study Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Various applications can be realized based on UWSNs. Our paper mainly concentrates on the localization algorithms based on the acoustic communication for UWSNs. An in-depth survey of localization algorithms is provided for UWSNs. We first introduce the acoustic communication, network architecture, and routing technique in UWSNs. The localization algorithms are classified into five aspects, namely, computation algorithm, spatial coverage, range measurement, the state of the nodes and communication between nodes that are different from all other survey papers. Moreover, we collect a lot of pioneering papers, and a comprehensive comparison is made. In addition, some challenges and open issues are raised in our paper.

“…As for the synchronization-free positioning scheme, we introduce three papers to show it. In [ 23 , 24 ], a range-free scheme using AUV periodically broadcasts message blocks via four directional beams to estimate the location information of sensor nodes. The node receives the message block and uses two different continuous beams to estimate the position of the AUV at two different moments.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Phase Time Synchronization-Free Localization Algorithm for Underwater Sensor Networks

Fan

2017

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) can enable a broad range of applications such as resource monitoring, disaster prevention, and navigation-assistance. Sensor nodes location in UWSNs is an especially relevant topic. Global Positioning System (GPS) information is not suitable for use in UWSNs because of the underwater propagation problems. Hence, some localization algorithms based on the precise time synchronization between sensor nodes that have been proposed for UWSNs are not feasible. In this paper, we propose a localization algorithm called Two-Phase Time Synchronization-Free Localization Algorithm (TP-TSFLA). TP-TSFLA contains two phases, namely, range-based estimation phase and range-free evaluation phase. In the first phase, we address a time synchronization-free localization scheme based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain the coordinates of the unknown sensor nodes. In the second phase, we propose a Circle-based Range-Free Localization Algorithm (CRFLA) to locate the unlocalized sensor nodes which cannot obtain the location information through the first phase. In the second phase, sensor nodes which are localized in the first phase act as the new anchor nodes to help realize localization. Hence, in this algorithm, we use a small number of mobile beacons to help obtain the location information without any other anchor nodes. Besides, to improve the precision of the range-free method, an extension of CRFLA achieved by designing a coordinate adjustment scheme is updated. The simulation results show that TP-TSFLA can achieve a relative high localization ratio without time synchronization.