Underwater power cable approximation models for offshore applications

Abstract

This work deals with modeling underwater power cables based on the ubiquitous two-port network theory applied to the distributed parameter representation of transmission links leading to the so-called exact lumped parameter line model. It is found for single-core underwater power cables with copper armor that a nominal pi model is accurate for lengths up to 25 km, two cascaded nominal pi models are accurate for up to 50 km, and a modified cascaded nominal pi model is accurate up to 100km. For single-core underwater power cables with steel armor, a nominal pi model is accurate for lengths up to 10 km, two cascaded nominal pi models are accurate for up to 30 km, and a modified cascaded nominal pi model is accurate up to 40km. For three-core underwater power cables, a nominal pi model is accurate for lengths up to 40 km, two cascaded nominal pi models are accurate for up to 75 km, and a modified cascaded nominal pi model is accurate up to 125 km.

Review of Electrical Connectors for Underwater Applications

“…The locking is performed by screwing the two half-shells and the sealing is provided by O-rings. The voltage rating usually goes up to 600 V for regular connectors, as for the RM and PM connectors, and up to 3 kV for more specifically designed connectors [5]. The rigid-shell assembly is small in size and low in cost, but also heavier than the molded connectors.…”