Underwater Observations and Experiments on Pair Formation and Related Behaviours of the Apogonid Fish, Apogon Notatus (Houttuyn)

Usuki, H.

doi:10.5134/175950

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such a pattern was evident, for example, in an experimental study on cichlids, where translocated individuals returned after as long as 7 days (Hert, 1992). Homing behaviors have been shown also in other species of cardinalfish (Marnane, 2000;Usuki, 1977). In three different species of cardinalfish, Marnane (2000) showed that the spatial distribution of individuals was highly stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Group stability and homing behavior but no kin group structures in a coral reef fish

Kolm¹,

Hoffman²,

Olsson³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Ecology

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Understanding the reasons behind stable group formations has received considerable theoretical and empirical attention. Stable groups displaying homing behavior have been suggested to form as a result of, for instance, benefits from knowledge of the social or physical environment or through kin selection and the forming of kin groups. However, no one has disentangled preference for grouping in a familiar location from preference for grouping with familiar or related individuals. To investigate this, we conducted a series of field experiments and a group genetic analysis on the group-living Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni). We found homing behavior but no evidence for recognition of familiar group members. Instead, homing was based on the original location of their group rather than the individuals in that group. Moreover, we found no evidence for kin structures within these groups. We suggest that benefits from living in a known social environment drive homing behavior in this species and that homing behavior is not enough for the formation of kin group structures. Instead, our results suggest that kin recognition may be a prerequisite for the forming of kin groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Group stability and homing behavior but no kin group structures in a coral reef fish

Kolm¹,

Hoffman²,

Olsson³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Ecology

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“…Both females and their mates stay away from their territory during the night, when they feed, mainly on small crustaceans, such as copepods, amphipods and decapods. In spite of this temporary absence, the fish return to the same sites every morning (Usuki, 1977).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs of reproduction to males and females of a paternal mouthbrooding cardinalfish Apogon notatus

Okuda

2001

Journal of Fish Biology

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In the cardinalfish Apogon notatus, starving males mouthbrood the eggs, and females are more active than males in courtship and in attacks against conspecific intruders upon their breeding territory, but sexual ornaments are developed in males. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index and fat body-somatic index declined in both sexes during the breeding season. The deterioration of somatic condition was more severe in females, suggesting that the overall energetic costs were larger for females which produced more than twice as many clutches as males brooded in a season. Selective mortality of females could be due primarily to the depletion of their energy reserves. The increased mortality in females is a possible mechanism for the male-biased operational sex ratio which may provide the potential for sexual selection on males. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…At the peak of the breeding season, most individuals form pairs, while some remain unpaired, forming loose aggregations in midwater. Paired fish are highly site attached (Usuki 1977) and show aggressive behavior against fish approaching the pair (Kuwamura 1983). Spawning and transfering an egg mass to a male take place within a few seconds, and then the male takes several minutes to completely pack the egg mass into his mouth (Kuwamura 1983).…”

Section: General Reproductive Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of the next breeding season, a followup survey of marked fish was conducted. Since A. notatus shows high site fidelity (Usuki 1977), marked fish that had disappeared from the quadrat and were not subsequently found nearby (within about 10 m of the quadrat) were regarded as having died. On the basis of this assumption, the annual mortality (%) was calculated from the proportion of marked fish that disappeared to all marked fish observed in the quadrat at the beginning of the breeding season in the previous year.…”

Section: Field Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Roles Are Not Always Reversed When the Potential Reproductive Rate Is Higher in Females

Okuda

1999

The American Naturalist

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Sex roles were examined in a cardinalfish, Apogon notatus, in which males alone mouthbrood the eggs received from a single female. Before spawning, a male and female formed a pair, within which the female is more active in courtship and attacks against conspecifics. Females had a higher potential for reproduction and on average produced more than twice as many clutches as those mouthbrooded by a male in a season by changing mates after spawning. Animals in which mating competition is more intense among females and, ultimately, sexual selection is more strongly acting on females are defined as sex-role reversed. Sex-role reversal is expected where the operational sex ratio (OSR) is female biased. In A. notatus, however, the OSR was male biased throughout the breeding season. This was due primarily to a higher mortality in females. The theory predicts that sexual selection operates more strongly on the sex toward which the OSR is biased. The facts that the variance in reproductive success was greater in males and the males developed a sexual trait suggest that sexual selection is acting more strongly on males than on females. Accordingly, this fish is not sex-role reversed.

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Underwater Observations and Experiments on Pair Formation and Related Behaviours of the Apogonid Fish, Apogon Notatus (Houttuyn)

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Group stability and homing behavior but no kin group structures in a coral reef fish

Group stability and homing behavior but no kin group structures in a coral reef fish

The costs of reproduction to males and females of a paternal mouthbrooding cardinalfish Apogon notatus

Sex Roles Are Not Always Reversed When the Potential Reproductive Rate Is Higher in Females

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