“…Comparisons of underwater image enhancement results on a greenish underwater image from UIEB [7]. The enhancements of DCP [52], GC, UCM [25], Retinex [26], HP [20], LAB-MSR [27], Two-Step [16], Hybrid [17], MLFcGAN [46], FUnIE-GAN [47], U-Net [53], WaterNet [7], UICoE-Net [8], Ucolor [9], our methods with two different template-selection modules and the reference are presented for comparison A noteworthy phenomenon is that traditional non-learning methods usually perform much better than deep learning-based methods according to UIQM, UCIQE, e and r metrics, which is diametrically opposed to quantitative results of reference-based metrics. As discussed in [7], UIQM and UCIQE did not take color shift and artifacts into account.…”