Understory light and root ginsenosides in forest-grown Panax quinquefolius

Fournier, Anick R.; Proctor, John; Gauthier, Louis; Khanizadeh, Shahrokh; Bélanger, André; Gosselin, André; Dorais, Martine

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00346-7

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to Yu et al (2005) the biomass of ginseng hairy roots cultivated in bioreactors was the highest under red light, followed by that under blue light and then the fluorescent light, while the content of ginsenoside was in opposite order. Fournier et al (2003) presented red light (R), far red light (FR) and the R: FR ratio significantly affected the content of Rd, Rc, and Rg (1) ginsenosides in 2-year-old roots of American ginseng, with a variation up to 40 %. Panax notoginseng, an herb that contains effective components of notoginsenosides and ginsenosides, had the most accumulation of Rd ginsenoside under cyan light and total effective components under yellow and cyan lights (Luo et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Peng

Wang

et al. 2017

Bot. Sci.

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Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a kind of shade-tolerant plants. It can synthesize and accumulate gypenosides in large amounts. The gypenosides are a valuable medicine that against hypertension, hyperlipemia, obesity, neurological disorder, inflammation, immune-modulation, diabetes and tumours. Hypotheses: Light quality was proved to affect the growth and gypenosides accumulation obviously in G. pentaphyllum, and it affects the photosynthesis certainly. So, some relationships may exist among these parameters. Study site and dates: Experiments were carried out in the late May of 2014 at Jishou University, Hunan province, China. Methods: Measurements of growth features and photosynthesis as well as determination of total gypenosides were conducted in seedlings that planted under different light qualities, including white, red, blue and green light emitted by LED lamps. Results: Light quality had remarkable effects on plant growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis. White light had significant effects on increases in biomass, stem diameter and newly sprouted leaves than homogeneous light did. Compared with blue and green light, white light presented a higher content of total gypenosides which was closest to that of red light, suggesting the effect of white light on gypenosides accumulation was involved in red light. The net photosynthetic rate under red light was higher than those under blue or green lights, but obviously lower than that under white light. Conclusions: It is suggested that the influence of light quality on growth and the accumulation of total gypenosides was associated with photosynthesis efficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Peng

Wang

et al. 2017

Bot. Sci.

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“…Wild ginger contains the essential oils methyleugenol, linalool, and linalyl acetate. Methyleugenol is known to have sedative, narcotic (MacGregor and Layton 1974), anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, insectifuge and myorelaxant properties and to prevent cancer (Duke 1992). Linalool and linalyl acetate are used in perfumery, and enter in the composition of soap, detergent, cream and lotion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal understory herbaceous species cultivated under different light and soil conditions in maple forests in southern Québec, Canada

et al. 2009

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Many northern hardwood understory plants have medicinal properties but their cost of production under conventional cultivation practices is fairly high. Therefore wild harvesting continues putting the natural populations at risk. Their cultivation in a forest farming system seems a promising alternative. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of canopy opening and soil fertility on growth and active component production of four medicinal plants: black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), wild ginger (Asarum canadense), blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) and bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis). Rhizome sections were planted in two sugar maple forests. Mortality and total leaf area were monitored during 3 years, while subplots were harvested at the end of the second year for biomass and active component analyses. Multiple regressions indicated that all species responded more to acidity related elements (pH, Al, Al ? H, Fe, Zn) than to soil fertility (Ca, K, Mg, P, C/N, base saturation and cation exchange capacity). This suggests that adjusting the pH by liming could be appropriate. Growth increased with irradiance, except for blue cohosh, indicating that forest openings could also be part of an appropriate forest management plan for their cultivation. While active component concentrations of rhizomes and roots increased in conditions that negatively affected growth, such as low pH, soil fertility or light availability, their total active component content exhibited responses that were similar to those of the growth variables. Thus, it seems that soil and light conditions that favour the growth of these medicinal plants also favour their total yield in active components.

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“…The roots of P. ginseng are usually considered to be the main part used in medicine, while the flower buds of P. ginseng are important ingredients of a popular health tea [2,3]. The biologically active constituents of the roots have been extensively studied [4][5][6][7][8]. However, chemical and pharmacological studies on the bioactive constituents of the flower buds are yet uncharacterized [3].…”

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Chemical Constituents of the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng

Pan

Li²,

Qian³

et al. 2015

Chem Nat Compd

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Panax ginseng is a deciduous perennial plant that belongs to the Araliaceae family. It is categorized as an ''adaptogen'' that helps to adapt against higher levels of stress and maintain good health [1]. The roots of P. ginseng are usually considered to be the main part used in medicine, while the flower buds of P. ginseng are important ingredients of a popular health tea [2,3]. The biologically active constituents of the roots have been extensively studied [4][5][6][7][8]. However, chemical and pharmacological studies on the bioactive constituents of the flower buds are yet uncharacterized [3]. In continuing work on this subject, 11 known compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the flower buds of P. ginseng. Compounds 1, 2, 9-11, and 6 were isolated from the family of Araliaceae for the first time. Compound 3 was first isolated from the genus Panax. Compounds 4, 5, 7, and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.The air-dried flower buds of P. ginseng (4.0 kg) were refluxed with 75% alcohol (10 u 4 L) three times (2 h each time) and 40% alcohol (10 u 4 L) once (2 h). The total extract was concentrated under pressure with a rotary evaporator to yield a residue, which was further suspended in water and partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate extract (287.0 g) was then separated by silica gel column chromatography (CC) with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate gradient elution to obtain five fractions (A-E). Fraction A was subjected to silica gel CC eluted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (15:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1) gradiently to get compounds 1 (100.3 mg) and 2 (28.9 mg). The other subfractions were subjected to repeated MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS CC and further purified by recrystallization. Lastly, compounds 3 (15.1 mg), 4 (43.5 mg), 5 (48.7 mg), 6 (20.8 mg), 7 (26.2 mg), 8 (57.5 mg), 9 (109.6 mg), and 10 (12.0 mg) were obtained. The filtered layer was applied to a D101 macroporous adsorption resin column eluted with an equivalent H 2 O-EtOH stepwise gradient to obtain six fractions (A-F). Fraction A was subjected to MCI gel HPLC gradiently eluted with MeOH-H 2 O to give compound 11 (86.2 mg).The physicochemical and spectral data of the isolated compounds are reported below. The spectroscopic data of all compounds were in good agreement with the literature data.Triacontanoic Acid (1). White powder (MeOH), C 30 H 60 O 2 . ESI-MS m/z 451 [M -H] -. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, Py-d 5 ) spectral data of 1 were in good agreement with the literature [9]. 1,3-Dipalmitin (2). White powder (MeOH), C 35 H 68 O 5 . ESI-MS m/z 603.5 [M + Cl] -, 591.6 [M + Na] + , 255.1 [M -CH 3 (CH 2 )COO] + . 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) spectral data of 2 were in good agreement with the literature [10]. Kaempferol-3-O-D-L-rhamnoside (3). Yellow powder (petroleum and acetone), C 21 H 20 O 10 . ESI-MS m/z 433 [M + H] + . 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) and 13 C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) spectral data of 3 were in good agreement with the literature [11]. Notopanaxoside A (4). White powder C 36 H 63 O 10 . ESI-...

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Understory light and root ginsenosides in forest-grown Panax quinquefolius

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Medicinal understory herbaceous species cultivated under different light and soil conditions in maple forests in southern Québec, Canada

Chemical Constituents of the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng

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