Understanding Weight Loss in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Human Response to Illness

Bapuji, Sunita Bayyavarapu; Sawatzky, Jo-Ann V.

doi:10.1188/10.onf.303-310

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A substantial proportion (23%) of colorectal cancer patients experienced moderate-to-severe weight loss in this study, consistent with previous literature [ 6 , 36 ]. This may be due to the fact that digestive function is directly affected in this pathology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This may be due to the fact that digestive function is directly affected in this pathology. A recent review showed that this weight loss has devastating effects on patients’ self-image, quality of life, and survival [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the impact on physical, psychological and social functions of cancer itself and of secondary effects of anticancer therapies, malnutrition and weight loss are widespread in cancer patients [ 2 – 5 ]. A recent review showed that unintentional weight loss is a common issue in colorectal cancer patients [ 6 ]. In a recent French survey, 52% of patients with colorectal, pancreatic or gastric cancer experienced malnutrition [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic and economic factors are associated with weight gain between before and after cancer diagnosis: results from the prospective population-based NutriNet-Santé cohort

Fassier

Zelek

Bachmann³

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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PurposeWhile many cancer patients are affected by weight loss, others tend to gain weight, which may impact prognosis and risk of recurrence and of second cancer. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate weight variation between before and after cancer diagnosis and socio-demographic, economic, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with moderate-to-severe weight gain.Methods1051 incident cases of first primary cancer were diagnosed in the NutriNet-Santé cohort between 2009 and 2015. Weight was prospectively collected every 6 months since subjects’ inclusion (i.e. an average of 2y before diagnosis). Mean weights before and after cancer diagnosis were compared with paired Student's t-test. Factors associated with moderate-to-severe weight gain (≥5% of initial weight) were investigated by age and sex-adjusted logistic regression.ResultsWeight loss was observed in men (-3.54±4.39kg in those who lost weight, p=0.0002) and in colorectal cancer patients (-3.94±4.40kg, p=0.001). Weight gain was observed in breast and skin cancers (2.83±3.21kg, p=0.04, and 2.96±2.75kg, p=0.04 respectively). Women (OR=1.75[1.06-2.87],p=0.03), younger patients (2.44[1.51-3.70],p<0.0001), those with lower income (OR=1.30[1.01-1.72],p-trend=0.007), lower education (OR=1.32[1.03-2.70],p-trend=0.03), excess weight before diagnosis (OR=1.64[1.12-2.42],p=0.01), lower physical activity (OR=1.28[1.01-1.64],p=0.04) and those who stopped smoking (OR=4.31[1.99-9.35],p=0.005]) were more likely to gain weight. In breast cancer patients, induced menopause was associated with weight gain (OR=4.12[1.76-9.67]), but no association was detected for tumor characteristics or treatments.ConclusionThis large prospective cohort provided original results on weight variation between before and after cancer diagnosis, highlighting different weight trajectories. Socio-demographic and economic factors appeared to influence the risk of weight gain, illustrating social inequalities in health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic and economic factors are associated with weight gain between before and after cancer diagnosis: results from the prospective population-based NutriNet-Santé cohort

Fassier

Zelek

Bachmann³

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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“…Cancer cachexia-related morbidity and mortality are often accompanied by whole body and muscle loss [4,7,8], and it is suggested that blocking muscle wasting can prolong life despite tumor growth [10]. The effect of plum extract on colon cancer cell viability, as well as its ability to protect muscle cells from colon-cancer cell induced cytotoxicity, were, therefore, also investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are often presented with cachexia syndrome, which is a major contributor to colorectal cancer-related morbidity and mortality [4][5][6][7][8]. About 35 to 60 % of CRC patients show some degree of muscle wasting and 28 % lose >5 % of their body weight in the 6 months preceding diagnosis [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol-Enriched Plum Extract Enhances Myotubule Formation and Anabolism while Attenuating Colon Cancer-induced Cellular Damage in C2C12 Cells

Alsolmei¹,

Li²,

Pereira

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Preventing muscle wasting in certain chronic diseases including cancer is an ongoing challenge. Studies have shown that polyphenols derived from fruits and vegetables show promise in reducing muscle loss in cellular and animal models of muscle wasting. We hypothesized that polyphenols derived from plum (Prunus domestica) could have anabolic and anti-catabolic benefits on skeletal muscle. The effects of a polyphenol-enriched plum extract (PE60) were evaluated in vitro on C2C12 and Colon-26 cancer cells. Treatment of myocytes with plum extract increased the cell size by ~3-fold (p<0.05) and stimulated myoblast differentiation by ~2-fold (p<0.05). Plum extract induced total protein synthesis by ~50% (p<0.05), reduced serum deprivation- induced total protein degradation by ~30% (P<0.05), and increased expression of IGF-1 by ~2-fold (p<0.05). Plum extract also reduced TNFα-induced NFkB activation by 80% (p<0.05) in A549/NFkB-luc cells. In addition, plum extract inhibited growth of Colon-26 cancer cells, and attenuated cytotoxicity in C2C12 myoblasts induced by soluble factors released from Colon-26 cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that plum extract may have pluripotent health benefits on muscle based on its demonstrated ability to promote myogenesis, stimulate muscle protein synthesis, and inhibit protein degradation. It also appears to protect muscle cell from tumor-induced cytotoxicity.

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Association of Overweight, Obesity, and Recent Weight Loss With Colorectal Cancer Risk

et al. 2023

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ImportanceOverweight and obesity, conditions with rising prevalence in many countries, are associated with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, many patients with CRC lose weight before diagnosis, which may lead the association to be underestimated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change with CRC risk when considering BMI at different time frames, with the intention to account for prediagnostic weight loss.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based case-control study was conducted in southwestern Germany between 2003 and 2021. Cases with a first diagnosis of CRC and controls (frequency matched by age, sex, and county) with comprehensive risk factor information and self-reported weight at different time points were included. Data were analyzed between October 2022 and March 2023.ExposureBMI and weight change at different time frames before the time of diagnosis (cases) or recruitment (controls).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAssociation of BMI and weight change at various points in time before and up to diagnosis with CRC, assessed by multivariable logistic regression with comprehensive confounder adjustment.ResultsA total of 11 887 participants (6434 CRC cases, 5453 controls; median [IQR] age, 69 [61-77] years; 7173 male [60.3%]) were included. At the time of diagnosis, 3998 cases (62.1%) and 3601 controls (66.0%) were overweight or obese, suggesting an inverse association between excess weight and CRC risk. Conversely, we found significant positive associations of overweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.56), obesity (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.61-2.70), and a 5-unit increase in BMI (aOR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.21-1.50) with CRC risk when using BMI measured 8 to 10 years before diagnosis. High BMI as a risk factor for CRC was increased as earlier periods before diagnosis were examined, with the association being particularly pronounced using BMI at least 8 years before diagnosis. An opposite trend was found for the association of weight loss (at or exceeding 2 kg) with CRC, with the greatest effect sizes occurring for weight loss within 2 years before diagnosis (aOR, 7.52; 95% CI, 5.61-10.09), and gradually decreased for earlier intervals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based case-control study, accounting for substantial prediagnostic weight loss further highlighted the association of overweight and obesity with CRC risk.

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Understanding Weight Loss in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Human Response to Illness

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Sociodemographic and economic factors are associated with weight gain between before and after cancer diagnosis: results from the prospective population-based NutriNet-Santé cohort

Sociodemographic and economic factors are associated with weight gain between before and after cancer diagnosis: results from the prospective population-based NutriNet-Santé cohort

Polyphenol-Enriched Plum Extract Enhances Myotubule Formation and Anabolism while Attenuating Colon Cancer-induced Cellular Damage in C2C12 Cells

Association of Overweight, Obesity, and Recent Weight Loss With Colorectal Cancer Risk

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