Understanding vestibular-related physiological functions could provide clues on adapting to a new gravitational environment

Morita, Hironobu; Kaji, Hiroshi; Ueta, Yoichi; Abe, Chikara

doi:10.1186/s12576-020-00744-3

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…In rats, after 90 min of exposure to 2 g , the immunoreactivity of CRH in PVN was significantly increased, but in VL it was weakened 26 and ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and corticosterone concentrations in plasma increased significantly against 1 g control 26 . From these, CRH-producing neurons in PVN may receive neuronal inputs from the vestibular system 27 . In addition, the centrifugal environment was stressful for mice because Fos was observed in PVN 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on the behavior of MG mice aboard the ISS for around 3 days showed a high activity ratio in the case of group rearing in a microgravity environment 7 . The vestibular system controls a variety of physical functions such as physical stability, sympathetic nerve activity, arterial pressure, feeding behavior, body temperature, and muscle and bone metabolism 27 . However, it is very plastic, and its function changes when exposed to various gravitational environments 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vestibular system controls a variety of physical functions such as physical stability, sympathetic nerve activity, arterial pressure, feeding behavior, body temperature, and muscle and bone metabolism 27 . However, it is very plastic, and its function changes when exposed to various gravitational environments 27 . It can be presumed that mouse behavior in the microgravity environment is also mediated by the vestibular system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments

Shimomura

Yumoto

Ota-Murakami

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Many experiments have analyzed the effect of the space environment on various organisms. However, except for the group-rearing of mice in space, there has been little information on the behavior of organisms in response to gravity changes. In this study, we developed a simple Active Inactive Separation (AIS) method to extract activity and inactivity in videos obtained from the habitat cage unit of a space experiment. This method yields an activity ratio as a ratio of ‘activity’ within the whole. Adaptation to different gravitational conditions from 1g to hypergravity (HG) and from microgravity (MG) to artificial 1g (AG) was analyzed based on the amount of activity to calculate the activity ratio and the active interval. The result for the activity ratios for the ground control experiment using AIS were close to previous studies, so the effectiveness of this method was indicated. In the case of changes in gravity from 1g to HG, the ratio was low at the start of centrifugation, recovered sharply in the first week, and entered a stable period in another week. The trend in the AG and HG was the same; adapting to different gravity environments takes time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments

Shimomura

Yumoto

Ota-Murakami

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…In addition, some studies observed the alternations of gene and miRNA expression under gravity changing, but the mechanisms remained to be addressed. As we know, the vestibular organs are sensors for gravity changes in vivo [ 59 ], but the mechanism about “how cells in vitro detect the gravitational changes” are still unclear. There were some hypotheses about it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Analysis of Regulatory Module Reveals Associations of Microgravity with Dysfunctions of Multi-body Systems and Tumorigenesis

Yuan

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Previous studies have demonstrated that microgravity could lead to health risks. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms from the aspect of systems biology has not been performed yet. Here, we integratively analyzed transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations based on gene and miRNA expression profiles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in modeled microgravity. Two hundred and thirty dysregulated TF-miRNA (transcription factor and microRNA) feed-forward loops (FFLs) were identified in microgravity. The immune, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous and skeletal system subnetworks were constructed according to the functions of dysregulated FFLs. Taking the skeletal system as an example, most of genes and miRNAs in the subnetwork were involved in bone loss. In addition, several drugs have been predicted to have potential to reduce bone loss, such as traditional Chinese medicines Emodin and Ginsenoside Rh2. Furthermore, we investigated the relationships between microgravity and 20 cancer types, and found that most of cancers might be promoted by microgravity. For example, rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) might be induced by microgravity through reducing antigen presentation and suppressing IgA-antibody-secreting cells’ migration. Collectively, TF-miRNA FFL might provide a novel mechanism to elucidate the changes induced by microgravity, serve as drug targets to relieve microgravity effects, and give new insights to explore the relationships between microgravity and cancers.

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“…Radiation, microgravity, altered atmospheric gas composition, isolation, and diet changes are some of the known stressors on humans in the space environment; these factors are expected to increase with mission duration and distance outside of low Earth orbit. 1 , 2 Examples of adverse human health effects during spaceflight include bone demineralization, 3 skeletal muscle atrophy, 4 cardiovascular deconditioning, 5 vestibular control, 6 immune system suppression, 7 , 8 and neuro-ocular ailments. 9 It is necessary to better understand how spaceflight factors affect human health in order to develop the countermeasures needed for safe and effective crewed space missions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Era for Space Life Science: International Standards for Space Omics Processing

et al. 2020

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Space agencies have announced plans for human missions to the Moon to prepare for Mars. However, the space environment presents stressors that include radiation, microgravity, and isolation. Understanding how these factors affect biology is crucial for safe and effective crewed space exploration. There is a need to develop countermeasures, to adapt plants and microbes for nutrient sources and bioregenerative life support, and to limit pathogen infection. Scientists across the world are conducting space omics experiments on model organisms and, more recently, on humans. Optimal extraction of actionable scientific discoveries from these precious datasets will only occur at the collective level with improved standardization. To address this shortcoming, we established ISSOP (International Standards for Space Omics Processing), an international consortium of THE BIGGER PICTURE With the rise of commercial spaceflight and prospective human missions to Mars, a wider health range of humans will enter space for longer spans and at higher exposure to environmental stressors than ever before. Numerous adverse health effects have been observed in space, including bone demineralization and skeletal muscle atrophy, among others. Scientists across the world are conducting space omics studies to develop countermeasures for safe and effective crewed space missions. However, optimal extraction of scientific insight from such data is contingent on improved standardization. In response, we founded ISSOP (International Standards for Space Omics Processing), an international consortium of scientists who aim to enhance guidelines between space biologists globally. This paper informs scientists and data scientists from many fields about the challenges and future avenues of space omics and can serve as an introductory reference for new members in the space biology discipline. Concept: Basic principles of a new data science output observed and reported ll

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Understanding vestibular-related physiological functions could provide clues on adapting to a new gravitational environment

Cited by 16 publications

References 89 publications

Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments

Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments

Integrative Analysis of Regulatory Module Reveals Associations of Microgravity with Dysfunctions of Multi-body Systems and Tumorigenesis

A New Era for Space Life Science: International Standards for Space Omics Processing

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