Understanding USDA's enforcement process

Cardon, Andrew D.; Bailey, Matthew R.; Bennett, B. Taylor

doi:10.1038/laban.194

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These include reducing the number of animals used in research, refining procedures and studies to minimize pain, and replacing animal experiments with in vitro models whenever possible (135). The Animal Welfare Act and specific governing bodies such as the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) in the U.S. have been established to specifically aid research institutions and investigators in maintaining ethical practices and the most efficient use of animals in all research endeavors (136,137). By understanding the basis of each model that currently exists and the unique aspects it can provide, new and current investigators will be able to determine the best tools available to elucidate the particular aspect of NEC they seek to explore further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-art review and update of in vivo models of necrotizing enterocolitis

et al. 2023

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NEC remains one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) have been crucial in improving our understanding of this devastating disease and identifying biochemical pathways with therapeutic potential. The pathogenesis of NEC remains incompletely understood, with no specific entity that unifies all infants that develop NEC. Therefore, investigators rely on animal models to manipulate variables and provide a means to test interventions, making them valuable tools to enhance our understanding and prevent and treat NEC. The advancements in molecular analytic tools, genetic manipulation, and imaging modalities and the emergence of scientific collaborations have given rise to unique perspectives and disease correlates, creating novel pathways of investigation. A critical review and understanding of the current phenotypic considerations of the highly relevant animal models of NEC are crucial to developing novel therapeutic and preventative strategies for NEC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art review and update of in vivo models of necrotizing enterocolitis

et al. 2023

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“…The Animal Welfare Act (1966): The Animal Welfare Act in the United States was a key legal measure that established guidelines for the compassionate treatment of animals employed in research, exhibition, and commerce. The implementation of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) was required to supervise and assess the ethical components of animal research methods (15). The Phenomenon of Public Outcry and Animal Welfare Activism: Multiple instances of animal cruelty and public awareness initiatives resulted in heightened examination of animal research protocols.…”

Section: The Declaration Of Helsinki (1964 Revised In 1975 and 2008)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethical principles and regulations establish the structure for ethical behavior and supervision in the field of animal research. The guidelines, such as the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act, provide a framework for the concepts of reduction, refinement, and replacement (13,15,17). They also provide criteria for the housing, care, pain management, and death of animals used in research.…”

Section: Oversight and Compliance Of The Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Principles and Rules in Experimental Animal Studies: A Comprehensive Review

Kocaman Kalkan,

Kekeçoğlu

2024

Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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When doing scientific research including animal experiments, it is crucial to prioritize ethical issues due to the many moral, legal, and scientific aspects involved. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the core ethical concepts and regulations that govern experimental investigations using animals. The 3R principle (replacement, reduction, refinement), which prioritizes the ethical treatment of animals especially in scientific research, is emphasized. Tracing the historical development of ethical rules sheds light on the important events that shaped the creation of important principles. The review examines the complex relationship between scientific investigation and ethical concerns, focusing on the idea of informed consent in relation to animal care. Also, this explores the ethical dilemmas that arise from experimental techniques and sheds light on how researchers ensure the well-being of the animals involved. The crucial importance of an ethical committee is emphasized in guaranteeing strict ethical standards. The examination of ethical concerns related to certain animal models, and analysis of differing perspectives among the scientific community is done. At the same time, it examines the latest developments in experimental animal research, providing insight into the future of ethical issues in this ever-evolving area. To summarize, this review not only synthesizes the main discoveries and ethical concerns in experimental animal studies but also highlights potential future paths. It supports the idea of continuing to balance scientific progress in the field of experimental animal studies with ethical obligations by suggesting additional areas of research and ethical review.

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“…[33][34][35][36] However, the US statistics do not include rats, mice or birds. 37 Given this, it was estimated that between 11 and 23 million vertebrates were used in the USA alone during 2018. 38 Meanwhile, in the same period (i.e.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Numbers of Animals Used in Mexico for Scientific and Educational Purposes

Frías-Álvarez,

Ortiz-Millán

2023

Altern Lab Anim

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In Mexico, there are no official public and reliably reported data on the total number and species of non-human animals used for scientific purposes. The aim of the current study was to calculate the total numbers of animals used for scientific and educational purposes in Mexico, from January 2015 to October 2021, based on data requested from the National Institute of Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI, in Spanish). In this period, authorised laboratory animal facilities reported the use of 5,437,263 animals for scientific and educational purposes. However, these data should be viewed with caution, since there is no official register of all Mexican institutions that use animals for these purposes. The use of various species of different taxonomic groups was reported, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. The main scientific purposes of this animal use were: technological development; innovation; laboratory testing; production of biologicals; quality control; diagnostic purposes; basic and applied research; and education. A robust system for the licensing and approval of animal use, as well as a means to ensure compliance with the relevant regulations, are both urgently required. In addition, in order to regulate animal use, monitor animal care and protect their welfare, the creation of a publicly accessible national database that records the number and species of the animals used is imperative.

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Understanding USDA's enforcement process

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

State-of-the-art review and update of in vivo models of necrotizing enterocolitis

State-of-the-art review and update of in vivo models of necrotizing enterocolitis

Ethical Principles and Rules in Experimental Animal Studies: A Comprehensive Review

The Numbers of Animals Used in Mexico for Scientific and Educational Purposes

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