Understanding the uncertainty associated with particle-bound pollutant build-up and wash-off: A critical review

Wijesiri, Buddhi; Egodawatta, Prasanna; McGree, James; Goonetilleke, Ashantha

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.013

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…The buildup and wash-off equations consist of many parameters which make the stormwater quality difficult to calibrate without on-site data [23]. The spatial and temporal variation of the quality modeling process also make it difficult to use the buildup and wash-off equations on a catchment scale [60,61]. Moreover, the urban stormwater quantity model is usually calibrated first, followed by calibrating the quality module [62].…”

Section: Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale

Rezaei

Ismail

Niksokhan

et al. 2019

Water

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The vast development of urban areas has resulted in the increase of stormwater peak runoff and volume. Water quality has also been adversely affected. The best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) techniques could be applied to urban areas to mitigate these effects. A quantity–quality model was developed to simulate LID practices at the catchment scale using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (US EPA SWMM). The purpose of the study was to investigate the impacts of LID techniques on hydrology and water quality. The study was performed in BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This study applied vegetated swale and rain garden to assess the model performance at a catchment scale using real field data. The selected LIDs occupied 7% of each subcatchment (of which 40% was swale and 30% was rain garden). The LID removal efficiency was up to 40% and 62% for TN and TSS, respectively. The peak runoff reduction was up to 27% for the rainfall of up to 70 mm, and up to 19% for the rainfall of between 70 and 90 mm, respectively. For the longer storm events of higher than 90 mm the results were not as satisfactory as expected. The model was more effective in peak runoff reduction during the shorter rainfall events. As for the water quality, it was satisfactory in all selected rainfall scenarios.

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Section: Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale

Rezaei

Ismail

Niksokhan

et al. 2019

Water

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“…During the wash-off process, stormwater flows across the road surface and wets fixed solids, thereby causing solubilization and desorption of some constituents from the particulate and the pavement. Furthermore, organics and nitrogen have more complicated components and transposition mechanisms [24]. The enhanced intensity and longer duration of rainstorms results in increasing runoff volume, providing more chances and possibilities to transform them from solid form to other forms [13,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Number Of Dry Days On the Amount Of Wash-off Pollumentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Relationships between Rainfall Conditions and Pollutant Wash-Off from the Paved Road

Yuan

Guerra

Kim

2017

Water

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Stormwater runoff monitoring was carried out from 2011 to 2015 to investigate the relationships between rainfall conditions (antecedent dry days (ADDs), rainfall intensity, depth and duration), and water quality parameters of stormwater from a paved road in Korea. Factor analysis suggested that the effect of rainfall conditions on the concentrations of selected pollutants varied depending on the pollutant. As total COD (total chemical oxygen demand) concentration increased, the level of heavy metals increased and resulted in a decrease of BOD 5 (biochemical oxygen demand) because of their toxicity. In addition, ADDs had a significant impact on the wash-off of solids from paved road. The predominant particles in stormwater were 30 µm and smaller, and increased in concentration as ADDs increased. Thus, the initial load of accumulated particles became a major factor in the wash-off process. The mass of particle-related pollutants was also subject to the effect of ADDs due to the affinity between pollutants and predominant particles (<30 µm). However, the effect of ADDs on the mass of organic matter and nitrogen was relatively weak. ADDs contributed to the decrease of some pollutants by photo-oxidation, volatilization and natural decay over dry days, as well as desorption from solids during rainfall.

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“…Quantification of influent suspended sediment concentration, or the concentration of other constituents of concern, as a function of time throughout the hydrograph is necessary for data input. Washoff models, potentially those that include buildup, are integrated into hydrologic modeling software packages and may provide accurate results with site-specific calibration (Obropta and Kardos 2007;Wijesiri et al 2016). Inaccuracies in input concentration data will affect the predicted influent, and therefore effluent load; however, the predicted treatment response, as a percentage reduction in load, may be relatively unaffected compared with other data input uncertainties.…”

Section: Data Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Fundamental Pollutant Routing Within Stormwater Control Measures Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Spelman

Sansalone

2018

JWMM

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Constituents such as sediment, nutrients and heavy metals carried by rainfall-runoff from urban surfaces pose an ecological threat to receiving water bodies and are thus increasingly regulated. Stormwater control measures such as wet basins, hydrodynamic separators and various green infrastructure unit operations are designed in part to separate constituents of concern from stormwater. The design, analysis and implementation of such systems, particularly innovative and unproven ones, requires a robust model capable of accurately predicting constituent load reduction given site-specific conditions. Many traditional empirical models assume that treatment systems behave as idealized continuously stirred or plug flow reactors and reduce constituent concentrations through first-order decay. While useful and historically necessary, given a lack of alternatives, this modeling approach has limited practical benefit in the design and implementation of innovative systems, and requires site-specific calibration to produce accurate results. Computational fluid dynamics has been used to simulate constituent transport and fate within stormwater unit operations in an effort to understand fundamental mechanisms, optimize design by improving volumetric utilization and providing performance predictions of design alternatives, and develop updated models for use in watershed planning. Recent modeling developments are presented together with a design example to demonstrate present challenges and future solutions.

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Understanding the uncertainty associated with particle-bound pollutant build-up and wash-off: A critical review

Cited by 51 publications

References 135 publications

A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale

A Quantity–Quality Model to Assess the Effects of Source Control Stormwater Management on Hydrology and Water Quality at the Catchment Scale

An Investigation of the Relationships between Rainfall Conditions and Pollutant Wash-Off from the Paved Road

Toward Fundamental Pollutant Routing Within Stormwater Control Measures Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

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