Understanding the spatial disparities and vulnerability of population aging in China

Cheng, Yang; Gao, Siyao; Li, Shuai; Zhang, Yuchao; Rosenberg, Mark W.

doi:10.1002/app5.267

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Urbanization in China meant increasing numbers of elderly people left their rural homes and migrated to cities [4]. The demographics of aging raise global economic, political, social, and public health concerns [38][39][40]. China's situation is particularly challenging because it is projected to have the largest number of citizens aged 80 and above by 2050 [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme’s Impact on the Medical Expenses of Elderly Rural Migrants

Huang

Nicholas

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: With rapid urbanization in China, the scale of elderly migrants from rural areas to urban cities has increased rapidly from 5.03 million in 2000 to 13.4 million people in 2015. Methods: Based on the unbalanced panel data obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, this study investigates the impact of changes to the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) on the medical expenditure of Chinese elderly rural migrants by using seemingly unrelated regression models. Results: NCMS coverage for elderly rural migrants rose from 11.83% in 2005 to 87.33% in 2014. The effective reimbursement rate increased significantly from 4.53% in 2005 to 36.44% in 2014, and out-of-pocket/income fell by 50% between 2005 and 2014. The NCMS significantly increased the effective reimbursement rate by 12.4% and out-of-pocket medical expenditure/income by 7.5% during this decade but played an insignificant role in reducing out-of-pocket payments. Conclusions: Policy makers need to promote a two-pronged strategy, which involves controlling the excessive growth of urban medical expenses and continuing to reform NCMS reimbursements for medical treatment, so non-urban resident elderly rural migrants can fully enjoy the welfare benefits of migration and urbanization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme’s Impact on the Medical Expenses of Elderly Rural Migrants

Huang

Nicholas

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…According to statistics, more than 241 million people were over 60 years old in 2017 in China, and this number is predicted to reach about 487 million by 2050, accounting for 34.9% of the total population [12]. Compared with the situation in other countries, China's population aging faces more serious problems with respect to aspects such as large scale, rapid growth, regional imbalances, inversion of urban and rural areas, and aging under poor conditions [13,14]. The manner in which quality of live can be continuously improved is an important social issue that the Chinese government and the whole society ought to be highly invested in, both at present and in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Formal and Informal Social Support With Health-Related Quality of Life Among Chinese Rural Elders

Shunhua

Mao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Objectives: To explore the association of formal and informal social support with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Chinese rural elders and further investigate the influence of quantity and quality of social support on their HRQOL. Methods: The sample of 4189 Chinese rural elders over 60 years old was acquired from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The HRQOL was evaluated by EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The social support assessment was mainly based on the social support rating scale (SSRS), and Tobit regression analysis was used to explore the impact of social support on HRQOL. Results: The average EQ-5D index score (0 to 1) of the Chinese rural elders was 0.78 ± 0.16. Participants who were male or with better education were found to have higher scores. Those elders living alone, suffering from chronic diseases or disabled acquired lower scores. As for formal social support, higher medical or pension insurance and more social activities statistically significantly possessed higher scores. As for informal social support, higher number of offspring had a significant association with lower scores, while more contact with children and financial support from family were shown to be statistically significantly associated with higher scores after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The quality of social support is more important than its quantity. An interesting finding was that the EQ-5D index scores did not support the Chinese traditional belief that ‘the more children, the more blessings’. Conclusions: The EQ-5D index scores of the rural elders in China is above the median level based on the scores of EQ-5D. Social support is significantly associated with elderly peoples’ quality of life. The results would be significant for accurately improving the life quality of Chinese rural elders from the perspective of social support.

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“…Moreover, the entertainment of CREEN were relatively regular and monotonous [20]. Most of the elderly individuals in rural areas were relatively poor, and a lot of their time needed to be spent in farming to maintain their livelihood [31][32]. The lifestyle could be the main reason.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Healthy Ageing among Chinese Rural Empty Elderly Nesters and Future Focus of Health Services

Wang

2020

Preprint

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Background Like most countries in the world, China is stepping into an aging society and Healthy aging (HA) faces great challenges. Chinese rural empty elderly nesters (CREEN) as the vulnerable groups of ageing populations, providing health services for CREEN needs more attention and guidance. Methods Using the method of logistic regression, four dimensions of HA among 618 respondents were separately analyzed based on the fifth public panel data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Results 41.42% respondents met the recommended good physical health (PA), ‘being literate’, ‘expectation of receiving long-term care in the future from family’, and ‘good physical health of grown children’ were significant protective factors for PA. 83.17% respondents had good daily activity level, ‘aged under 60 years’ and ‘grown children being literate’ were significant protective factors while ‘CREEN once lived with grown children’ was a significant risk factor. 59.39% respondents had good psychological health, ‘Male sex’, ‘Expectations of receiving long-term care in the future’, and ‘Physical health of grown children’ were significant protective factors. 36.73% respondents met the corresponding criteria of good social participation, ‘aged under 60 years’ was a significant protective factor while ‘CREEN once lived with grown children’ was also a significant risk factor. Conclusions For the CREEN, social participation, physical health and psychological health should be the focus and direction of providing health services. One factor could have different influence on different aspects of HA among CREEN. When health services are provided for CREEN, the second focus should assess comprehensive impact and do the long-term observation. Providing health services for CREEN should not only focus on ‘What they have’ and ‘What they don’t have’, but also focus on ‘What they have and then lose’, especially factors associated with their grown children. Those points should be the future focus of health services for CREEN.

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Understanding the spatial disparities and vulnerability of population aging in China

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme’s Impact on the Medical Expenses of Elderly Rural Migrants

China’s New Cooperative Medical Scheme’s Impact on the Medical Expenses of Elderly Rural Migrants

Association of Formal and Informal Social Support With Health-Related Quality of Life Among Chinese Rural Elders

Factors Associated with Healthy Ageing among Chinese Rural Empty Elderly Nesters and Future Focus of Health Services

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