Understanding the sources and spatiotemporal characteristics of VOCs in the Chengdu Plain, China, through measurement and emission inventory

Simayi, Maimaiti; Shi, Yuqi; Xi, Ziyan; Li, Jing; Yu, Xiangyao; Liu, Hefan; Tan, Qinwen; Song, Danlin; Zeng, Limin; Lü, Sihua; Xie, Shaodong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136692

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Halocarbons (4.67 ppbv), alkenes (1.50 ppbv) and aromatics (1.47 ppbv) have lower concentrations, followed by alkyne (1.00 ppbv) and carbon disulfide (0.29 ppbv). The proportion of halocarbons (17.7%) in Beihai was higher than Guilin (5.7%), Shanghai (14.0%), Beijing (9.0%), Chengdu (10.4%), and Wuhan (10.8%), except Gongga Mountain (21.6%); while that of aromatics (5.6%) was lower than all listed cities and sites (9.3–65.7%) in Table S3 ( Hui et al, 2018 ; Simayi et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ). For the most abundant species in Beihai, acetone (5.84 ppbv) was comparable to that in Chengdu ( Simayi et al, 2020 ), much higher than other cities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The proportion of halocarbons (17.7%) in Beihai was higher than Guilin (5.7%), Shanghai (14.0%), Beijing (9.0%), Chengdu (10.4%), and Wuhan (10.8%), except Gongga Mountain (21.6%); while that of aromatics (5.6%) was lower than all listed cities and sites (9.3–65.7%) in Table S3 ( Hui et al, 2018 ; Simayi et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ). For the most abundant species in Beihai, acetone (5.84 ppbv) was comparable to that in Chengdu ( Simayi et al, 2020 ), much higher than other cities. In general, the short-chain alkanes contributed higher concentrations, and isopentane (2.09 ppbv) was the most abundant alkanes in Beihai, followed by several C 2 –C 4 alkanes (above 1 ppbv).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The samples were collected in pre-evacuated stainless steel canisters and subsequently analyzed with the GC–MS/FID system equipped with TH-PKU 300B pre-concentration system. The offline analysis of ambient VOCs is adopted the same procedure used by Zhang et al (2019) and Simayi et al (2020) , which is described in Supplement Text 1. The correlation coefficient values of the calibration curve for all target compounds were above 99.5% and the relative mean deviation for the target compounds of five parallel samples was within 15%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previous studies, a PMF 5.0 receptor model was established to identify VOC sources in this study ( Li et al, 2017 ; Mousavi et al, 2018 ; Simayi et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2016 ). Depending on the mass balance rather than the source component spectrum, the model can be optimized according to the standard deviation of the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving VOCs control strategies based on source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of South China through measurement and emission inventory

Guo

Luo

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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In China, the corresponding control directives for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been based on primary emissions, rarely considering reactive speciation. To seek more effective VOCs control strategies, we investigated 107 VOC species in a typical coastal city (Beihai) of South China, from August to November 2018. Meanwhile, a high-resolution anthropogenic VOCs monthly emission inventory (EI) was established for 2018. For source apportionments (SAs) reliability, comparisons of source structures derived from positive matrix factorization (PMF) and EI were made mainly in terms of reaction losses, uncertainties and specific ratios. Finally, for the source–end control, a comprehensive reactivity control index (RCI) was established by combing SAs with reactive speciation profiles. Ambient measurements showed that the average concentration of VOCs was 26.38 ppbv, dominated by alkanes (36.7%) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) (29.4%). VOC reactivity was estimated using ozone formation potential (52.35 ppbv) and propylene-equivalent concentration (4.22 ppbv). EI results displayed that the entire VOC, OFP, and propylene-equivalent emissions were 40.98 Gg, 67.98 Gg, and 105.93 Gg, respectively. Comparisons of source structures indicated that VOC SAs agreed within ±100% between two perspectives. Both PMF and EI results showed that petrochemical industry (24.0% and 33.0%), food processing and associated combustion (19.1% and 29.2%) were the significant contributors of anthropogenic VOCs, followed by other industrial processes (22.2% and 13.3%), transportation (18.9% and 12.0%), and solvent utilization (9.1% and10.5%). Aimed at VOCs abatement according to RCI: for terminal control, fifteen ambient highly reactive species (predominantly alkenes and alkanes) were targeted; for source control, the predominant anthropogenic sources (food industry, solvent usage, petrochemical industry and transportation) and their emitted highly reactive species were determined. Particularly, with low levels of ambient VOC and primary emissions, in this VOC and NOx double-controlled regime, crude disorganized emission from food industry contributed a high RCI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving VOCs control strategies based on source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of South China through measurement and emission inventory

Guo

Luo

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…PMF is a widely used method to identify emission sources and their contributions (Yuan et al, 2009;Simayi et al, 2020), but its results have some subjectivity and cannot be determined to be absolutely accurate. For this reason, PMF results are usually mutually corroborated with the actual situation, which is the implementation of control measures in this study: during the strict-control period, coal burning had the greatest reducing contribution (54.33%) relative to the non-control period, followed by petroleum-related evaporation (31.49%) and VOC-related industry (16.25%).…”

Section: Ambient Voc Concentrations and Source Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattered coal is the largest source of ambient volatile organic compounds during the heating season in Beijing

Shi¹,

Xi²,

Simayi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. We identified scattered coal burning as the largest contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs), exceeding traffic-related emissions, during the heating season in Beijing prior to the rigorous emission limitations enacted in 2017. However, scattered coal is underestimated in emission inventories generally, because the activity data are incompletely recorded in official energy statistics. Results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) models confirmed that coal burning was the largest contributor to VOC concentrations prior to the emission limitations of 2017, and a reduction in scattered coal combustion, especially in rural residential sector, was the primary factor in the observed decrease in ambient VOCs and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential in urban Beijing after 2017. Scattered coal burning was included in a corrected emission inventory and we obtained comparable results between this corrected inventory and PMF analyses, particularly for the non-control period. However, a refined source sub-classification showed that passenger car exhaust, petrochemical manufacturing, gas stations, traffic evaporation, traffic equipment manufacturing, painting, and electronics manufacturing are also contributors to ambient VOCs. These sources should focus on future emission reduction strategies and targets in Beijing. Moreover, in other region with scattered coal-based heating, scattered coal burning is still the key factor to improve the air quality in winter.

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Air Pollution Modeling

Yadav

Trivedi

Sahu

et al. 2020

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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Understanding the sources and spatiotemporal characteristics of VOCs in the Chengdu Plain, China, through measurement and emission inventory

Cited by 61 publications

References 51 publications

Improving VOCs control strategies based on source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of South China through measurement and emission inventory

Improving VOCs control strategies based on source characteristics and chemical reactivity in a typical coastal city of South China through measurement and emission inventory

Scattered coal is the largest source of ambient volatile organic compounds during the heating season in Beijing

Air Pollution Modeling

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