Understanding the Social and Ecological Outcomes of PES Projects: A Review and an Analysis

Adhikari, Bhim; Agrawal, Arun

doi:10.4103/0972-4923.125748

Cited by 90 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This study used an online survey to analyze stakeholder opinions and perceptions towards PES schemes within the framework of COST Action CA15206-PESFOR-W (Forests for Water). Studies have shown that the main aspects of PES schemes are: ecosystem services assessments and their promotion, e.g., [32,41,50,53], which can help achieve environmental and socioeconomic targets with PES schemes, e.g., [50,54,55], and institutional contexts of PES schemes, e.g., [38,39,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Stakeholders Working on the Forest–Water Nexus Perceive Payments for Ecosystem Services?

Báliková

Červená

Meo

et al. 2019

Forests

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Nowadays, great emphasis is placed on the relationship between forest and water because forests are considered as substantial sources of many water ecosystem services. The aim of this paper is to analyze the stakeholder opinions towards the relationship between forests and water and the potential development of water-related payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes. The study is developed in the context of COST Action CA15206-PESFOR-W (Forests for Water) aimed at synthesizing current knowledge about the PES schemes across Europe. The stakeholder opinions were mapped out using a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 questions divided into four thematic sections. The data were collected through an online survey. The results showed opinions of 142 stakeholders from 23 countries, mainly from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. In order to analyze the collected data, the stakeholders were grouped in buyers, sellers, intermediaries, and knowledge providers. The survey results indicated that the most important category of water ecosystem services according to our sample of stakeholders is regulating services followed by provisioning services. Further findings pointed out the highest importance that shared values and direct changes in land management can have when designing water-related PES schemes. The role of public authorities and collective collaboration of different stakeholders, with emphasis on local and expert knowledge, are also identified as of crucial importance. The results show that stakeholder opinions can serve as a starting point when designing PES schemes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Stakeholders Working on the Forest–Water Nexus Perceive Payments for Ecosystem Services?

Báliková

Červená

Meo

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The fact that interactions among agents, including the levels of trust and community organization influence the outcomes of the schemes [43], recently spurred research on the role of social capital in PES [43,[128][129][130][131][132][133]. However, more research is still needed on the ways in which socio-institutional dynamics influences PES design and implementation.…”

Section: Behavioral Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payments for Ecosystem Services—the Case of Forests

Prokofieva

2016

Curr Forestry Rep

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Payments for ecosystem services (PES) is a trending topic in environmental resource management. The literature on PES has been growing almost exponentially, and practical applications of PES schemes are mushrooming all around the world. In this review article, I present the existing definitions of PES, the factors to consider during the design and implementation stages of PES programs, as well as discuss the recent theoretical debates related to PES in the literature-specifically those related to commodification and legitimacy of PES, its behavioral implications as well as the issues of power and equity. Despite a wealth of accumulated knowledge in the theoretical and experimental fields related to PES, there is still a considerable lack of empirical studies assessing the practical implementation of PES in the field. Only a few schemes are actually systematically assessed, and there is still a lack of a unified comprehensive framework for the thorough evaluation of existing practical experiences. I outline some of the future research challenges that need to be tackled in order to gain a better understanding of the opportunities that the PES mechanism offers to environmental policy makers and other interested stakeholders.

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“…). These policies have become important instruments to limit deforestation across the world (Adhikari and Agrawal , Grima et al. ), and although studies on PES schemes have rapidly increased in the past decade (Schomers and Matzdorf ), they have been studied far less than protected areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payments for ecosystem services in Mexico reduce forest fragmentation

Ramirez‐Reyes

Sims

Potapov

et al. 2018

Ecological Applications

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Forest fragmentation can lead to habitat reduction, edge increase, and exposure to disturbances. A key emerging policy to protect forests is payments for ecosystem services (PES), which offers compensation to landowners for environmental stewardship. Mexico was one of the first countries to implement a broad-scale PES program, enrolling over 2.3 Mha by 2010. However, Mexico's PES did not completely eliminate deforestation in enrolled parcels and could have increased incentives to hide deforestation in ways that increased fragmentation. We studied whether Mexican forests enrolled in the PES program had less forest fragmentation than those not enrolled, and whether the PES effects varied among forest types, among socioeconomic zones, or compared to the protected areas system. We analyzed forest cover maps from 2000 to 2012 to calculate forest fragmentation. We summarized fragmentation for different forest types and in four socioeconomic zones. We then used matching analysis to investigate the possible causal impacts of the PES on forests across Mexico and compared the effects of the PES program with that of protected areas. We found that the area covered by forest in Mexico decreased by 3.4% from 2000 to 2012, but there was 9.3% less forest core area. Change in forest cover was highest in the southern part of Mexico, and high-stature evergreen tropical forest lost the most core areas (-17%), while oak forest lost the least (-2%). Our matching analysis found that the PES program reduced both forest cover loss and forest fragmentation. Low-PES areas increased twice as much of the number of forest patches, forest edge, forest islets, and largest area of forest lost compared to high-PES areas. Compared to the protected areas system in Mexico, high-PES areas performed similarly in preventing fragmentation, but not as well as biosphere reserve core zones. We conclude that the PES was successful in slowing forest fragmentation at the regional and country level. However, the program could be improved by targeting areas where forest changes are more frequent, especially in southern Mexico. Fragmentation analyses should be implemented in other areas to monitor the outcomes of protection programs such as REDD+ and PES.

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Understanding the Social and Ecological Outcomes of PES Projects: A Review and an Analysis

Cited by 90 publications

References 23 publications

How Do Stakeholders Working on the Forest–Water Nexus Perceive Payments for Ecosystem Services?

How Do Stakeholders Working on the Forest–Water Nexus Perceive Payments for Ecosystem Services?

Payments for Ecosystem Services—the Case of Forests

Payments for ecosystem services in Mexico reduce forest fragmentation

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