Understanding the self in relation to others: Infants spontaneously map another's face to their own at 16–26 months

Kampis, Dora; Wiesmann, Charlotte Grosse; Koop, Sarah; Southgate, Victoria

doi:10.1111/desc.13197

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Finally, work from our lab has also shown that the capacity for genuine selfcomparison is present alongside mirror self-recognition (Kampis et al, 2022), further strengthening the case for a relationship between MSR and a conceptual selfrepresentation. In this study, infants saw their parent with a sticker placed on their forehead and were offered a sticker themselves.…”

Section: Evidence For a Conceptual Selfsupporting

confidence: 55%

The origins and emergence of self-representation

Southgate

2024

Preprint

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Although a reflective self-awareness is often considered to be the pinnacle of human consciousness, it takes time to develop and behaviours indicating a conceptual self-representation appear only towards the end of the second year of life. How it develops has been the subject of much speculation, but little empirical data has targeted causal mechanisms. I first review early behaviours that likely do and do not indicate a reflective self-awareness. I then draw on data indicating a continuity between bodily and conceptual self-awareness, suggesting that the key to understanding how a reflective self-awareness develops is to look for its origins in a bodily self, and in the earliest available signals of self-origin. Considering data from adult cognitive neuroscience, I review mechanisms that could exploit early visceral cues and represent them as belonging to the self, and the role that caregiver-infant interactions may play in this process. I conclude by considering how cross-cultural differences in the emergence of a self-concept provide important insights into the mechanisms that develop self-awareness.

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Section: Evidence For a Conceptual Selfsupporting

confidence: 55%

The origins and emergence of self-representation

Southgate

2024

Preprint

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“…We used the mirror self-recognition (MSR) test as an index of self-awareness, categorizing infants as either recognisers or non-recognisers. While MSR is a direct measure of physical self-recognition, there is considerable evidence that it also indexes 'objective' self-awareness, relating to self-other comparison (Kampis et al, 2021), dyadic imitation (Asendorpf & Baudonnière, 1993), personal pronoun use (Lewis & Ramsay, 2004), and brain indices of self-related processing (Bulgarelli et al, 2019).…”

Section: Emerging Self-representation Presents a Challenge For Perspective Tracking In Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge for Perspective Tracking in Infancy

Yeung¹,

Askitis²,

Manea³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The capacity to track another’s perspective is present from early in life, with young infants ostensibly able to predict others’ behaviour even when the self and other perspective are at odds. Yet, infants’ abilities are difficult to reconcile with the well-documented challenge that older children face when they need to ignore their own perspective. Here we provide evidence that it is the emergence of self-representation, from around 18 months, that likely creates a perspective conflict between self and other. Using mirror self-recognition as a measure of self-awareness and pupil dilation to index conflict processing, our results show that mirror recognisers perceive greater conflict than non-recognisers when viewing a scenario in which the self and other have divergent perspectives, specifically when the conflict between self and other is salient. These results suggest that infants’ perspective tracking abilities may benefit from an initial absence of self-representation.

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“…This technique has also been used to explore visual self‐representation changes across different stages of dementia (e.g., Biringer & Anderson, 1992), with studies showing that while people in the earlier stages successfully pass the tasks, those in advanced stages might have difficulties identifying their self‐image (Caddell & Clare, 2010). However, visual self‐recognition studies in dementia have been limited to standard mirror mark tests and verbal self‐identification, and have not been adjusted to consider longitudinal trajectories (e.g., Courage et al, 2004; Nielsen et al, 2003) or informative adaptations of the canonical test designed to provide insights into sequential changes (e.g., Filippetti & Tsakiris, 2018; Nielsen et al, 2006) or social context (e.g., Kampis et al, 2021; Rochat et al, 2012; Ross et al, 2017). Moreover, it is important to consider that challenges with self‐identifying one's specular image might not necessarily reflect non‐functioning self‐awareness in people with dementia.…”

Section: The Sensitive Measurement Of the Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental understanding of the self may provide valuable insight into the experience of selfhood in dementia

Mentzou

Ross

2022

Infant and Child Development

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The self is a complex and multidimensional construct with both reflective and experiential aspects. The experience of selfhood has been well documented in both developmental psychology and dementia research. However, these research fields have rarely come together. This is unfortunate since a lack of sensitive measurement of self in adults with dementia has historically led to erroneous assumptions that people diagnosed with dementia experience total loss of self. Dementia causes profound self‐alterations, particularly associated with gaps in autobiographical and semantic self‐knowledge. However, important experiential manifestations of self may remain intact. Focusing on the emergence of different levels of self‐processes in early childhood, and reflecting on conceptual similarities as well as methodological perspectives, the aim of this article is to explore how developmental approaches may be applied to provide a promising new direction into the experience of selfhood in dementia.

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Understanding the self in relation to others: Infants spontaneously map another's face to their own at 16–26 months

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

The origins and emergence of self-representation

The origins and emergence of self-representation

Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge for Perspective Tracking in Infancy

A developmental understanding of the self may provide valuable insight into the experience of selfhood in dementia

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