Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer: A review

Abstract

Gastrointestinal cancer represents one of the most diagnosed types of cancer. Cancer is a genetic and multifactorial disease, influenced by the host and environmental factors. It has been stated that 20% of cancer is caused by microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B and C virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition to these well-known microorganisms associated with cancer, it has been shown differences in the composition of the microbiota between healthy individuals and cancer patients. Some studies have suggested the existence of the selected microorganisms and their metabolites that can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis via some mechanisms. Recent findings have shown that gut microbiome and their metabolites can act as cancer promotors or inhibitors. It has been shown that gastrointestinal cancer can be caused by a dysregulation of the expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) through the gut microbiome. This review will summarize the latest reports regarding the relationship among gut microbiome, ncRNAs, and gastrointestinal cancer. The potential applications of diagnosing and cancer treatments will be discussed.

Differences in genome, transcriptome, miRNAome, and methylome in synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

“…The commensal microbiota has already been shown to influence immunity as well as tissue development. In the context of cancer, commensal bacteria have been shown to play a key role in modulating tumor microenvironment, which drives cancer therapy responses ( 69 ). Therefore, direct inhibition of IPO5 function may uncover a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for CRCLM.…”

Antiedematogenic and Analgesic Activities of Abietic Acid in Mice

“…The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system response; then, modification, alteration, or imbalance of these microbiomes can lead to an array of consequences, including the increase of the inflammatory process caused by diverse diseases. [72,73] The literature shows that oral administration of AA can significantly modify gut microbiota and indirectly influence the inflammatory process. [74] Nevertheless, further research is necessary to understand how these modifications can contribute to decreased inflammation.…”

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities Of Piper mikanianum (Kunth) Steud Essential Oil for Development and Improvement of Oral Rinse

“…It also acts by reducing dental plaque and contributes to the treatment of periodontal diseases. [22] Recent studies show differences in the composition of the microbiota between healthy individuals and patients with câncer, [23] diabetes mellitus [24] and Alzheimer's disease, [25] corroborating that the oral and intestinal microbiota interferes with the entire functioning system of the human body.…”