Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis

Santos, Carla S.; Özgür, Rengin; Uzilday, Barış; Türkan, İsmail; Roriz, Mariana; Rangel, António O.S.S.; Carvalho, S.M.P.; Vasconcelos, Marta W.

doi:10.3390/plants8090348

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Although the applications of NPs or BPs had a significant stimulatory effect on CAT activity, they reduced Fe accumulation in callus tissues. Santos et al 49 also declared that Fe deficiency increased CAT activity in inactive soybean strains. The strong correlation among CAT activity and Zn concentration may reveal that the CAT enzyme in calli is involved in antioxidant defense against ZnO-NPs or BP stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus

Farghaly

Radi

Al-Kahtany

2020

Sci Rep

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The structure and function of cellular membranes were sustained by redox-enzymes. We studied the interaction between the oxidative stress caused by excessive accumulation of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in plants and the role of redox-enzymes that can alleviate this stress. The crude callus extract from pomegranate, which was treated with 0, 10, and 150 µg mL−1 ZnO-NPs or bulk particles (ZnO-BPs), was applied to study the activity and kinetics of redox-enzymes. The elevated ZnO-NPs, enhanced the lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase activity, while the ZnO-BPs did not modify them. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were induced under ZnO-NPs or BPs treatments, whilst the opposite trend of peroxidase was observed. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased under ZnO-NPs treatments but decreased under ZnO-BPs. The kinetics activity of enzymes showed changes under different levels of NPs and BPs. Additionally, NPs or BPs treatments reduced the uptake of copper, iron, magnesium, but increased zinc accumulation in callus tissues. Meanwhile, these treatments enhanced the accumulation of manganese ions but did not affect the accumulation of potassium and phosphorous in ZnO-NPs or BPs-stressed calli. Collectively, these results gave a quantitative evaluation of the competition of zinc and other minerals on the carriers, and in addition, they provided a basis for how to control ZnO-NPs or BPs toxicity via redox-enzymes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus

Farghaly

Radi

Al-Kahtany

2020

Sci Rep

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“…host plants, PWN damages xylem and phloem parenchyma and cortex cells, which can compromise water transport, lead to the peroxidation of the unsaturated lipids of cellular membranes and to ROS formation, culminating in leaf necrosis and often in plant death 7 , 40 . MDA, a secondary compound of lipid peroxidation reactions, is frequently used as an indicator of cell damage induced by free radicals 41 . Interestingly, despite preventing nematode reproduction in plants tissues, chitosan did not prevent cellular damage, leading to increased MDA accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan increases Pinus pinaster tolerance to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by promoting plant antioxidative metabolism

Silva

Santos

Cruz

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The pine wilt disease (PWD), for which no effective treatment is available at the moment, is a constant threat to Pinus spp. plantations worldwide, being responsible for significant economic and environmental losses every year. It has been demonstrated that elicitation with chitosan increases plant tolerance to the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of the PWD, but the biochemical and genetic aspects underlying this response have not been explored. To understand the influence of chitosan in Pinus pinaster tolerance against PWN, a low-molecular-weight (327 kDa) chitosan was applied to mock- and PWN-inoculated plants. Nematode population, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, lignin and gene expression related to oxidative stress (thioredoxin 1, TRX) and plant defence (defensin, DEF, and a-farnesene synthase, AFS), were analysed at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi). At 28 dpi, PWN-infected plants elicited with chitosan showed a sixfold lower nematode population when compared to non-elicited plants. Higher levels of MDA, catalase, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and lignin were detected in chitosan-elicited plants following infection. The expression levels of DEF gene were higher in elicited plants, while TRX and AFS expression was lower, possibly due to the disease containment-effect of chitosan. Combined, we conclude that chitosan induces pine defences against PWD via modulation of metabolic and transcriptomic mechanisms related with plant antioxidant system.

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“…In this study, H 2 O 2 accumulation was eliminated by increased GR activity in both the mycorrhizal-and the Khumate-treated Russian olive plants. The GR converts GSSG to reduced glutathione (GSH) and scavenges H 2 O 2 through the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (Gill et al 2013;Santos et al 2019). Moreover, an increase in GR activity contributes to a decrease in TBARS accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

Torun

Toprak

2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potassium humate (KH) are separately known as significant biostimulants, but their combined effect on plants remains elusive. This study investigated the single and combined roles of AMF and KH on the antioxidant defense system in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) leaves. Soil below the seeds was inoculated with indigenous AMF spores (Funneliformis, Claroideoglomus; 500 spores per seed). The KH (1.5 g/ per 1 kg of seed) was applied during sowing. Growth, leaf-water ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 content, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed in treated and untreated plants. Combined AMF and KH applications had a greater recovery effect on vegetative organ growth than separate treatments. With combined treatment, plants maintained leaf water status and chlorophyll fluorescence, while peroxidation of lipid membranes and H 2 O 2 content was reduced. Moreover, increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity prevented cellular damage from reactive oxygen species. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were remarkably higher in plants grown under the combined treatment. As a result, compared with their separate applications, a combination of AMF and KH enhanced the antioxidant defense system by increasing antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant capacity and, thus, could be used to enhance plant growth.

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Understanding the Role of the Antioxidant System and the Tetrapyrrole Cycle in Iron Deficiency Chlorosis

Cited by 47 publications

References 75 publications

Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus

Impacts of zinc oxide nano and bulk particles on redox-enzymes of the Punica granatum callus

Chitosan increases Pinus pinaster tolerance to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by promoting plant antioxidative metabolism

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

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