Understanding the role of soot oxidation in gasoline combustion: A numerical study on the effects of oxygen enrichment on particulate mass and number emissions in a spark-ignition engine

Distaso, Elia; Amirante, Riccardo; Tamburrano, Paolo; Reitz, Rolf D.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.022

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The oxidation rate is slow at low temperatures, and it is necessary to use catalysts to effectively eliminate soot [10]. There were sufficient studies on low-temperature oxidation [11][12][13][14], which were based on the exhaust systems of engines. However, temperatures in industrial furnaces typically exceed 800°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-catalytic oxidation mechanism of industrial soot at high temperature

Wang

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The elimination of soot is particularly crucial in the pursuit of reducing pollutant emissions and achieving a circular economy. The generation of soot is a significant challenge in industries. The most effective approach to eliminate soot is to oxidize it in the high-temperature furnace. In this study, soot with different properties was produced the by non-catalytic partial oxidation process at high temperatures. The real-time oxidation processes of soot nanoparticles at 900°C were studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The industrial soot performs various oxidation models. The corresponding mathematical expressions of different oxidation models were developed. The incipient soot of shrinking core model (SCM) has a faster reaction rate than the partially matured soot of internal oxidation model (IOM) and the mature soot of SCM. A rare core-shell separation model (CSM) was studied. The nanostructures of soot in different oxidation models were characterized, and the relationship between macroscopic properties and nanostructures was established by Raman results and lattice fringe analysis, effective in the prediction of soot oxidation behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-catalytic oxidation mechanism of industrial soot at high temperature

Wang

Gao

Jiang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Increasing the number of particulate emissions will not only seriously endanger human health, but also lead to the formation of disastrous weather (Qian et al 2019;Dai et al 2019). Nowadays, although homogeneous mixing technology (Xu et al 2020) and laminar oxidation technology (Zhong et al 2016;Distaso et al 2019) have been successfully applied to gasoline vehicles, the particulate emission of the gasoline vehicles still can not meet the increasingly stringent emission standards (Jain et al 2017;Chen et al 2017). Therefore, reducing the particulate emission of gasoline vehicles has become an urgent problem to be solved (Wang et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis on a novel CGPFs for improve NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust pollutant emission

Xie

Zuo

Guan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Improving the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency under cold start conditions (low temperature conditions) is still the main challenge faced by catalytic gasoline particulate filter system (CGPFs). In this study, the physical and mathematical models of novel CGPFs are proposed based on the computational fluid dynamics software. Then, the models are validated based on experiments, and the performances of conventional and novel CGPFs are analyzed comparatively. The comparison conclusions indicate that the NOx conversion efficiency of the novel CGPFs increases by 3.2% and the particulate combustion efficiency increases by 2.7% under the same operating condition. Finally, the effects of exhaust flow vf, exhaust oxygen concentration Co, exhaust NO concentration CNO and electric heating power Pe on the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency are investigated. The weights of each influencing parameter on the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency are explored by orthogonal tests. The conclusions show that the NOx conversion efficiency is increased by 3.6% and the particulate combustion efficiency is increased by 16.7% compared to the initial condition. This study has an important reference value for improving the purification efficiency of vehicle emission under cold start conditions.

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“…Additionally, 3D-CFD simulation can provide insights into the emission formation mechanisms as a function of in-cylinder phenomena such as fuel distribution, residual gas fraction, etc. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The simulation of gaseous pollutants for spark ignition (SI) direct-injection (DI) engines in 3D-CFD require the correct prediction of many physical and chemical aspects, above all mixture formation, flame propagation, and chemical kinetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a RANS 3D-CFD Gaseous Emission Model with Space-, Species-, and Cycle-Resolved Measurements from an SI DI Engine

et al. 2020

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Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of gaseous emissions from combustion engines are very demanding due to the complex geometry, the emissions formation mechanisms, and the transient processes inside the cylinders. The validation of emission simulation is challenging because of modeling simplifications, fundamental differences from reality (e.g., fuel surrogates), and difficulty in the comparison with measured emission values, which depend on the measuring position. In this study, detailed gaseous emission data were acquired for a spark ignition (SI) direct-injection (DI) single-cylinder engine (SCE) fueled with a toluene reference fuel (TRF) surrogate to allow precise comparison with simulations. Multiple devices in different sampling locations were used for the measurement of average emission concentration, as well as hydrocarbon (HC) cycle- and species-resolved values. A RANS 3D-CFD methodology to predict gaseous pollutants was developed and validated with this experimental database. For precise validation, the emission comparison was performed in the exact same locations as the pollutants were measured. Additionally, the same surrogate fuel used in the measurements was defined in the simulation. To focus on the emission prediction, the pressure and heat release traces were reproduced by calibrating a G-equation flame propagation model. The differences of simulation results with measurements were within 4% for CO2, while for O2 and NO, the deviations were within 26%. CO emissions were generally overestimated probably because of inaccuracies in mixture formation. For HC emissions, deviations up to 50% were observed possibly due to inexact estimation of the influence of the piston-ring crevice geometry. The reasonable prediction accuracy in the RANS context makes the method a useful framework for the analysis of emissions from SI engines, as well as for mechanism validation under engine relevant conditions.

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Understanding the role of soot oxidation in gasoline combustion: A numerical study on the effects of oxygen enrichment on particulate mass and number emissions in a spark-ignition engine

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Non-catalytic oxidation mechanism of industrial soot at high temperature

Non-catalytic oxidation mechanism of industrial soot at high temperature

Numerical analysis on a novel CGPFs for improve NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust pollutant emission

Validation of a RANS 3D-CFD Gaseous Emission Model with Space-, Species-, and Cycle-Resolved Measurements from an SI DI Engine

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