Understanding the redox reaction mechanism of vanadium electrolytes in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Choi, Chang Koon; Noh, Hyungjun; Kim, Soohyun; Kim, Riyul; Lee, Ju‐Hyuk; Heo, Jiyun; Kim, Hee‐Tak

doi:10.1016/j.est.2018.11.002

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As above-discussed, the surface chemistry plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic activity of the VRFB electrodes. , Therefore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to evaluate the functional groups formed on the GF surface during the gas plasma treatments. The XPS wide scans of the various electrodes are reported in Figure S2, while the high-resolution spectra of the regions of C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s are shown in Figures S3–S5, respectively.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Electrodes in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Produced by Rapid Low-Pressure Combined Gas Plasma Treatments

et al. 2021

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The development of high-power density vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) with high energy efficiencies (EEs) is crucial for the widespread dissemination of this energy storage technology. In this work, we report the production of novel hierarchical carbonaceous nanomaterials for VRFB electrodes with high catalytic activity toward the vanadium redox reactions (VO 2+ /VO 2 + and V 2+ /V 3+ ). The electrode materials are produced through a rapid (minute timescale) low-pressure combined gas plasma treatment of graphite felts (GFs) in an inductively coupled radio frequency reactor. By systematically studying the effects of either pure gases (O 2 and N 2 ) or their combination at different gas plasma pressures, the electrodes are optimized to reduce their kinetic polarization for the VRFB redox reactions. To further enhance the catalytic surface area of the electrodes, single-/few-layer graphene, produced by highly scalable wet-jet milling exfoliation of graphite, is incorporated into the GFs through an infiltration method in the presence of a polymeric binder. Depending on the thickness of the proton-exchange membrane (Nafion 115 or Nafion XL), our optimized VRFB configurations can efficiently operate within a wide range of charge/discharge current densities, exhibiting energy efficiencies up to 93.9%, 90.8%, 88.3%, 85.6%, 77.6%, and 69.5% at 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, and 300 mA cm –2 , respectively. Our technology is cost-competitive when compared to commercial ones (additional electrode costs < 100 € m –2 ) and shows EEs rivalling the record-high values reported for efficient systems to date. Our work remarks on the importance to study modified plasma conditions or plasma methods alternative to those reported previously (e.g., atmospheric plasmas) to improve further the electrode performances of the current VRFB systems.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Electrodes in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Produced by Rapid Low-Pressure Combined Gas Plasma Treatments

et al. 2021

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“…[24][25][26][27] Both half-cell reactions have to be measured separately, since positive and negative electrodes respond differently to the surface oxygen concentration, which can mislead in symmetric full cell characterizations. [28][29][30] A further complicating factor is that most of the oxidative procedures use harsh environments that as well damage the material surface and create defects such as edge sites and vacancies (Fig. 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the catalytic activity at graphite electrodes in vanadium flow batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, a comprehensive dynamic model of an RFB including mass conservation equations, electrochemical principles, and transmission delay is established, and then numerical simulation is performed to obtain key parameters that characterize the performance of the RFB, and analysis is performed to explore the transport mechanism of the electrolyte. 92 The transmission delay of the electrolyte actually exists in the RFB system, and it has an impact on key indicators such as concentration distribution, voltage distribution, electrolyte utilization, and system efficiency. The existing literature on how to reduce the negative impact of transmission problems, the methods adopted include: increasing the flow rate, variable flow rate control methods, designing the optimal pipe length and radius, optimal flow field geometric design, and changing the electrolyte inlet method.…”

Section: Influence Of Electrolyte Characteristics On the Performance ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and analysis of performance improvement of vanadium redox flow battery in microgrid: A technology review

Huang

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has the advantages of flexible design, high safety, no cross-contamination, long service life, environmental friendliness, and good performance. VRFB has become the best choice for large-scale electrochemical energy storage. Renewable energy has severely restricted the development and use due to its discontinuous, unstable, and uncontrollable output power. The microgrid (MG) composed of VRFB, wind energy, and photovoltaic renewable energy is an effective solution to the random and intermittent nature of renewable energy. The work analyses the development status and existing problems of renewable energy power generation, VRFB energy storage technology, and microgrid. Without involving the development of the key components of the VRFB, research how to improve the performance of the VRFB to make it in the best operating state in the microgrid. The main contribution of this paper are to combine the application background of the microgrid to improve the overall performance of the battery from the aspects of VRFB modeling, battery structure design optimization, flow field and flow optimization, stack design, thermal treatment, and temperature characteristic distribution. Finally, this review offers insights for improving the performance of VRFBs in microgrids. Highlights• Analysis of renewable energy, energy storage technology, and microgrid framework.• Systematic analysis of the problems of vanadium flow battery in microgrid.• Researched how to improve the overall performance of the vanadium flow battery without developing new component materials.

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Understanding the redox reaction mechanism of vanadium electrolytes in all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Graphene-Based Electrodes in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Produced by Rapid Low-Pressure Combined Gas Plasma Treatments

Graphene-Based Electrodes in a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Produced by Rapid Low-Pressure Combined Gas Plasma Treatments

Origin of the catalytic activity at graphite electrodes in vanadium flow batteries

Research and analysis of performance improvement of vanadium redox flow battery in microgrid: A technology review

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