Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram

Ryan, Tomás J.

doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101866

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 313 publications

(383 reference statements)

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“…One review (Queenan,2017) discusses the difficulty of understanding long term memory storage in the brain by examining different mechanistic hypothesis that have been proposed, with various degrees of supportive evidence. The most widely accepted suggestion is that memory is stored by changing the magnitude of synaptic weights (Kandel,2019; Ortegao de San Luis, 2022). However, recent studies indicate that this form of plasticity may be important for memory encoding and retrieval, but is dispensable for long term information storage itself (Tonegawa,2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Topological Study of a Surface Signaling Network with Relevance to Brain Function

Sen

2022

Preprint

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A special charged surface network with surface spin half particles on it, that can be arranged in topologically inequivalent ways, is introduced. It is shown that action potential-like signals can be generated in the network in response to local surface deformations of a particular kind. Signals generated in this way carry details of the deformation that create them as a form of plasticity that influences the pathways they traverse leaving a topologically stable helical array of spins: a potential memory substrate. The structure is a non transient alignment of surface spins in response to the transient magnetic field generated by the moving charges present in the action potential-like voltage signals generated since particles with spin have magnetic properties. The structure has a natural excitation frequency that may play a role in memory retrieval. Signal generation and memory storage are proposed to depend on the existence of a surface spin structure. We show that such a surface network can capture the intricate topological features of any connectome in the brain. In addition biophysical properties of such a network are examined in order to constrain predictions of how it may function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Topological Study of a Surface Signaling Network with Relevance to Brain Function

Sen

2022

Preprint

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“…This efficient processing network operates through specialized structures and functions [ 21 ]. Among the essential functions of humans, memory requires significant attention from researchers because it is the ability to store and evoke learned knowledge [ 2 ]. The storage and use of learned information in the brain are fundamental for the interaction and modulation of human behavior and the adaptation and interaction of individuals with their environment [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Working memory refers to the temporary storage and manipulation of information needed for complex tasks such as language comprehension, attention, learning, and reasoning. One of the main goals of educational efforts is to develop techniques for improving learning and promoting better retention [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Neurofeedback With Declarative Memory and Cerebral Arterial Flow in University Students: Protocol for a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study

Grecco¹,

Gonçalves²,

Perri³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background The performance of a task depends on ongoing brain activity, which can be influenced by attention, excitement, or motivation. Scientific studies have confirmed that mindfulness leads to better performance, health, and well-being. However, these cognitive efficiency modulating factors are nonspecific, can be difficult to control, and are not suitable to specifically facilitate neural processing. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with neurofeedback on declarative memory and cerebral blood flow in university students. Methods In this study, we will use transcranial direct current stimulation, a low-cost physical resource that is easy to apply, has few adverse effects, and is associated with a neurofeedback resource. This, in turn, has been shown to be a training program capable of improving working memory function. Results Participants will be recruited between July 2022 and December 2022. This study is expected to conclude in July 2023. Conclusions This study will provide preliminary results on the benefits of using the direct current neurostimulation and neurofeedback tools on the participants being analyzed. Trial Registration Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-7zs8b5; https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7zs8b5 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36294

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“…How does the brain remember? This classical question has recently received considerable attention focusing on the central nervous system’s handling of engrams [40, 33, 21, 13, 23]. These involve coordinated synaptic changes, mandating a cell-wide coherent explanation of multisynaptic plasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic explanation of neuroplasticity using equivalent circuits

Nilsson

2023

Preprint

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This paper introduces a comprehensive mechanistic model of a neuron with plasticity that explains the creation of engrams, the biophysical correlates of memory. In the context of a single neuron, this means clarifying how information conveyed as time-varying input signals is processed, stored, and subsequently recalled. Moreover, the model addresses two additional, long-standing, specific biological problems: how Hebbian plasticity, which amplifies synaptic weight, integrates with homeostatic plasticity, which stabilizes it, and how to identify a concise learning rule for synapses. In this study, a biologically accurate Hodgkin-Huxley-style electric-circuit equivalent is derived through a one-to-one mapping from the known properties of ion channels. The dynamics of the synaptic cleft, which is often overlooked, is found to be essential in this process. Analysis of the model reveals a simple and concise learning rule, indicating that the neuron functions as an internal-feedback adaptive filter, which is commonly used in signal processing. Simulation results confirm the circuit's functionality, stability, and convergence, demonstrating that even a single neuron without external feedback can function as a potent signal processor. The article is interdisciplinary and spans a broad range of subjects within the realm of biophysics, including neurobiology, electronics, and signal processing.

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Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram

Cited by 30 publications

References 313 publications

A Topological Study of a Surface Signaling Network with Relevance to Brain Function

A Topological Study of a Surface Signaling Network with Relevance to Brain Function

Association of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Neurofeedback With Declarative Memory and Cerebral Arterial Flow in University Students: Protocol for a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study

Mechanistic explanation of neuroplasticity using equivalent circuits

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