Understanding the Mental Health of the Hijra Women of India

Jayadeva, Vikas

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2017.120504

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They become at risk for further victimization and exploitation, especially the younger and more under-resourced they are [ 17 ]. Due to the commonplace experiences of perceived and internalized stigma, isolation, discrimination, and victimization, this patient cohort shows disproportionately high rates of problems, up to 60% in some communities, commonly manifesting as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, self-injury, suicidal ideation, and sometimes death [ 1 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One key factor that helps protect against negative psychological effects is an individual’s perceived level of social support [ 30 ]; thus, persons may cope with marginalization and isolation by seeking individual and community support for stability, safety, companionship, and livelihood [ 31 ]. Indeed, evidence indicates that depression associated with either transgender and/or STI status can be mitigated in part by high levels of social support [ 18 , 30 ]. Despite this general association between perceived social support and (lower) depression, greater understanding of the role of social support in individuals with STIs is warranted [ 1 , 11 ], particularly when those individuals are members of a sexual or gender minority group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psychological health of transgender people has largely been ignored in many developing countries, where limited health care resources must often focus on managing and controlling highly infectious diseases. Even less understood is how health risks such as STIs might compound the psychological burden on transgender individuals, and the extent to which social support systems might mitigate this effect [ 18 ]. In this comprehensive analysis, we explored the role of social support and self-esteem on psychological depression in groups of transgender and cisgender individuals suffering from either a curable or incurable STI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression as a Function of Social Support in Transgender and Cisgender Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Yousuf

Naz

Roberson

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study focused on the relationships among social support, self-esteem, and depression in transgender and cisgender individuals suffering from an incurable or curable sexually transmitted disease. Data were collected from 210 participants with an STI using a semi-structured interview along with culturally adapted standardized instruments. Results indicated no differences between transgender and cisgender groups in depression, although there were large differences in social support and self-esteem. Preliminary regression analysis identified only STI type and duration of STI as significant predictors of depression. However, when moderating roles for both social support and self-esteem were tested, each added to the explained variance and, equally importantly, revealed the effects of both gender status and social support on depression. These findings not only demonstrate how the compound stressors of gender minority status and STI type affect depressive symptoms, but also reveal the critical role that social support can play in mitigating depressive symptoms in those with gender minority status. Findings are interpreted within the context of South/Central Asian cultures that have pre- and post-colonial traditions regarding the social role of non-binary individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression as a Function of Social Support in Transgender and Cisgender Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Yousuf

Naz

Roberson

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In present day India, the impact of the colonial regulation of hijras is reflected in the prevailing laws and cultural attitudes towards transgender people in society. Jayadeva (2017) mentions that in October, 2013, the Supreme Court of India had directed the Indian states to develop welfare agencies, for the improvement of the medical and health services in regards to the transgender community. However, despite such a ruling, transgender individuals continue to experience exploitation and abuse, while seeking health care, due to the prevalent societal stigma and the lack of expertise in the medical community, to deal with transgender patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Nuances of Trauma Through a Survivor’s Testimony: A Study of A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi: A Candid Biography of India’s First Transgender Principal by Manobi Bandyopadhyay with Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey

Hazarika¹

2021

rupkatha

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The transgender community in India is a marginalized social group that lacks the basic human rights and privileges granted to the cisgender and heterosexual subjects in society. Due to their non-conforming gender and sexual identity, transgender individuals are labeled as deviant, abnormal and diseased in society that has adverse effects on their psyche, making them prone to suicidal thoughts, acute depression and anxiety. This study aims to analyze the trauma endured by transgender individuals and its never-ending effects on their psychological health, through a re-reading of Manobi Bandyopadhyay’s biography, titled, A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi: A Candid Biography of India’s First Transgender Principal (2017) by Bandyopadhyay with Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey. It shall also explore how the trauma experienced by transgender people in society is of two folds- bodily trauma and mental trauma which demands an integrated approach, as applied in the study. The methodology of close reading of the selected text shall be combined with the framework of trauma psychology and transgender studies, to conduct the study. The significance of this paper rests in the absence of a comprehensive literary study, in the mentioned area.

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“…Understanding the Mental Health of the Hijra Women of India [6] LGBT populations like the Hijra have a higher prevalence of mental health issues compared to their heterosexual counterparts. They are also more vulnerable to alcohol and substance use disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive Approach: Hijra/Transgender Community

Chaturvedi¹,

Dewoolkar²,

Mistry³

et al. 2018

Indian Journal of Mental Health

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Background and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to analyze the relationship between Social Support and the Six dimensions of Psychological Well Being of the 'Hijra'/transgender community, based in Mumbai. Methods: A sample of 59 Transgender participants residing in Mumbai were selected randomly from Railway stations and Traffic signals. Their age range was from early adulthood (20yrs-40yrs) to middle adulthood (40yrs-60yrs). They were administered the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire and the Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being. In Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being they were assessed along six dimensions: i) Autonomy ii) Environmental Mastery iii) Personal Growth iv) Positive Relations v) Purpose in Life vi) Self-Acceptance. Data was analysed using Correlation Analysis and Scatter Plot. Results: The results indicated that the participants were in the category-'Below Average' in Social Support and in the category 'Moderate' on all the six dimensions of Psychological Well-Being. The relationship between Social Support and Psychological Well-being was found to be insignificant. Both the variables were independent of each other. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Hijra community received below average Social Support. The participants of the Hijra community scored moderately on the six dimensions of Psychological Wellbeing.

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Understanding the Mental Health of the Hijra Women of India

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Depression as a Function of Social Support in Transgender and Cisgender Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Depression as a Function of Social Support in Transgender and Cisgender Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Examining the Nuances of Trauma Through a Survivor’s Testimony: A Study of A Gift of Goddess Lakshmi: A Candid Biography of India’s First Transgender Principal by Manobi Bandyopadhyay with Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey

Inclusive Approach: Hijra/Transgender Community

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