Understanding the mechanisms of electronic ink operation

Yang, Bo‐Ru; Hu, Wenjie; Zeng, Zheng; Wu, Ziyi; Gu, Yifan; Xu, Jiazhe; Cao, Jun; Zhang, Ya-Di; Chen, Peng

doi:10.1002/jsid.960

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…EPD displays images by applying an electric field to electronic ink, where a plurality of charged pigment particles moves through a nonpolar solvent under the influence of the electric field. 2,20 The types of commercial EPD contain microcapsule 2 and microcup EPDs. 10 Here, our work focuses on microcapsule EPD.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and analysis of edge ghosting for microcapsule e‐paper based on particle dynamics and light scattering model

Zeng,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

J Soc Info Display

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Electronic paper (e‐paper) is a reflective display technology with unique advantages, such as bistability, low‐power consumption, and high ambient contrast ratio. These features make e‐paper a promising candidate for future Internet of Things applications. Among different technologies of e‐paper, electrophoretic display (EPD) is the most successful one for commercialization. However, the edge ghosting (also known as the fringing effect) still limits the performance of EPD. Herein, we established a model of particle dynamics of electrophoresis, simulated the edge ghosting of microcapsule EPD, analyzed the edge ghosting effect, and revealed the relationship between thicknesses, dielectric constants of the back binder layer, and the edge ghosting. Two EPD panels with different thicknesses of back binder layer were demonstrated, which verifies the accuracy of this simulation model. With the proposed model, many device mechanisms and product issues can be analyzed and illustrated, which is supposed to guide the researchers in optimizing the device structure design of EPD.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and analysis of edge ghosting for microcapsule e‐paper based on particle dynamics and light scattering model

Zeng,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

J Soc Info Display

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“…This allows operation in two distinct ways, which we term "light reflection" and "light transmission" modes. The single particle system greatly simplifies the driving system 26 and increases the response speed of the display 27 . The primary colors of CMYK are created to validate the feasibility and full-color performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reflective display based on the electro-microfluidic assembly of particles within suppressed water-in-oil droplet array

Shen,

Feng,

Deng

et al. 2023

Light Sci Appl

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Reflective displays have stimulated considerable interest because of their friendly readability and low energy consumption. Herein, we develop a reflective display technique via an electro-microfluidic assembly of particles (eMAP) strategy whereby colored particles assemble into annular and planar structures inside a dyed water droplet to create “open” and “closed” states of a display pixel. Water-in-oil droplets are compressed within microwells to form a pixel array. The particles dispersed in droplets are driven by deformation-strengthened dielectrophoretic force to achieve fast and reversible motion and assemble into multiple structures. This eMAP based device can display designed information in three primary colors with ≥170° viewing angle, ~0.14 s switching time, and bistability with an optimized material system. This proposed technique demonstrates the basis of a high-performance and energy-saving reflective display, and the display speed and color quality could be further improved by structure and material optimization; exhibiting a potential reflective display technology.

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“…Reflective displays include an electrophoretic display (EPD), electrochromic, and electrowetting display [2] . EPD technology controls the movement of electrophoretic particles with opposite charges in a nonpolar medium by applying a voltage between two parallel electrodes to display and switch images [3] . The electrophoretic display has pioneered the ultra-low-power display market and is widely used in electronic shelf labels, smart windows, and other fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Different Functional Groups to Particles in Electrophoretic Display

Zhang

Zeng

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Electrophoretic display (EPD) has excellent research potential because of its ultra-low power consumption and friendliness to the eyes. To obtain efficient electrophoretic inks, researchers need to understand the charging mechanism of electrophoretic particles. In this work, several silane coupling agents with similar main chains but different functional groups on the side chains were used to investigate the effects of different functional groups on the charging properties of the electrophoresis particles. The results showed that silane coupling agents containing amino groups resulted in the most positively charged particles, and those containing carboxyl groups resulted in the most negatively charged particles. More importantly, after introducing many additional amino groups by grafting, it was found that the charge on the particle surface was only slightly elevated, indicating that the polymer layer grafted on the particle surface would cover the functional groups inside and hinder the acid-base interactions between the functional groups in the inner layer and the charge control agent. The findings of these results may contribute to the precise design of materials for electrophoretic display.

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Understanding the mechanisms of electronic ink operation

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Simulation and analysis of edge ghosting for microcapsule e‐paper based on particle dynamics and light scattering model

Simulation and analysis of edge ghosting for microcapsule e‐paper based on particle dynamics and light scattering model

A reflective display based on the electro-microfluidic assembly of particles within suppressed water-in-oil droplet array

Contributions of Different Functional Groups to Particles in Electrophoretic Display

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