Abstract:Concerns regarding food security and sustainable development have been highlighted as a result of water scarcity and growing urbanization. It is imperative to look into their relationship. This study examines the impact of urbanization on agricultural water efficiency (AWE) in China utilizing China province-level panel data from 2002 to 2019. The findings indicate that urbanization has a U-shaped relationship with AWE, meaning that urbanization first had a detrimental effect on AWE before reversing course. The… Show more
“…At present, many scholars pay more attention to the water resource system efficiency. They mainly apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) [15][16][17] to estimate the efficiency of water resource system, but these studies mainly have some defects. Firstly, the SFA method is a parameter estimation method that requires the evaluated parameters to be independent, but this requirement is very difficult to meet in reality [18,19].…”
A shortage of water resources is a global issue of common concern. The contribution of the article mainly includes the following two parts. First is the study of water resources’ green utilization efficiency (WRGUE) in 30 provincial administrative units of China from 2009 to 2019 by adopting the epsilon-based measure (EBM) model with undesirable outputs, which can yield a more accurate and reasonable assessment result. In addition, the spatial Durbin model was applied to analyze the driving factors of the WRGUE, which considers the spatial effects. The results are as follows: (1) The discrepancy of the WRGUE in different regions of China is conspicuous, with the highest in East China, followed by the central and the western region, while the Northeast is the lowest. A general decrease trend from China’s southeast coastal area to the northwest inland is presented. (2) Global spatial autocorrelation analysis shows a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the WRGUE of the 30 sample provinces. However, the local spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the WRGUE in China presents stronger spatial homogeneity than heterogeneity. (3) The levels of technology advancement, economic development, and the Opening-up policy implementation serve as positive factors influencing the WRGUE in China. On the contrary, the urbanization level has a significant negative impact on the WRGUE. The results of this paper may have great value for sustainable water resource utilization.
“…At present, many scholars pay more attention to the water resource system efficiency. They mainly apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) [15][16][17] to estimate the efficiency of water resource system, but these studies mainly have some defects. Firstly, the SFA method is a parameter estimation method that requires the evaluated parameters to be independent, but this requirement is very difficult to meet in reality [18,19].…”
A shortage of water resources is a global issue of common concern. The contribution of the article mainly includes the following two parts. First is the study of water resources’ green utilization efficiency (WRGUE) in 30 provincial administrative units of China from 2009 to 2019 by adopting the epsilon-based measure (EBM) model with undesirable outputs, which can yield a more accurate and reasonable assessment result. In addition, the spatial Durbin model was applied to analyze the driving factors of the WRGUE, which considers the spatial effects. The results are as follows: (1) The discrepancy of the WRGUE in different regions of China is conspicuous, with the highest in East China, followed by the central and the western region, while the Northeast is the lowest. A general decrease trend from China’s southeast coastal area to the northwest inland is presented. (2) Global spatial autocorrelation analysis shows a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the WRGUE of the 30 sample provinces. However, the local spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the WRGUE in China presents stronger spatial homogeneity than heterogeneity. (3) The levels of technology advancement, economic development, and the Opening-up policy implementation serve as positive factors influencing the WRGUE in China. On the contrary, the urbanization level has a significant negative impact on the WRGUE. The results of this paper may have great value for sustainable water resource utilization.
China has been facing serious water scarcity, and improving the supply and utilization of water resources from the perspective of resource endowment, economic development and water infrastructure is of great significance toward sustainable water development. In this work, two index systems for evaluating the water supply capacity (WSC) and the water infrastructure construction level (WICL) were constructed; the water resource utilization efficiency (WRUE) was measured by applying a super slack-based measure model; the ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models were used to explore the heterogeneity of spatial relationships. The results showed that both WSC (0.15~0.67) and WRUE (0.25~1.18) had spatial heterogeneity. WSC was positively correlated with water resource accessibility and GDP per capita (R2 = 0.406, p < 0.01), which represented water resource endowment and economic development, respectively. WRUE was positively correlated with GDP per capita but was negatively correlated with accessibility (R2 = 0.654, p < 0.01). The relationship of WICL with accessibility and GDP per capita varied over the study’s area. We found that the WSC in the southeast, WRUE in the north and WICL in the south were mainly associated with water resource endowments. The WSC in the north, WRUE in the southwest and WICL in the north were mainly associated with the economic development level. Noteworthily, strengthening the construction of water conservancy is one of the effective ways to improve water supply. Suggestions on improving WSC and WRUE were provided based on different accessibility and economic conditions, to promote the sustainable development of water resources.
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