We present 2,5-dimethylindole (2,5-DMID) as a novel and
promising
liquid organic carrier (LOHC) for hydrogen storage. A systematic study
combined experiments with calculations was conducted on the hydrogen
storage properties of 2,5-DMID. Hydrogenation reactions catalyzed
by 5 wt % Ru/Al2O3 catalyst under 120–160
°C at 5 MPa H2 pressure and 120 °C at 3–6
MPa H2 pressure indicate that the reaction rate is temperature-dependent
and weakly impacted by hydrogen pressure. Full hydrogenation was achieved
within 80 min at 150 °C and 5 MPa. Two intermediates, 2H-2,5-DMID
and 4H-2,5-DMID, were detected. Conversion from 2,5-DMID to 2H-2,5-DMID
was readily achieved at all temperatures with an apparent activation
energy of 81.58 kJ/mol H2. Complete dehydrogenation of
8H-2,5-DMID was achieved at 170–210 °C for 180 min on
a 5 wt % Pd/Al2O3 catalyst, generating high
purity hydrogen gas up to 99.99%. Five cycles of hydrogenation and
dehydrogenation processes confirmed the full achievement of both processes
with no significant side reactions observed. Density functional theory
calculations of the optimal adsorption sites and corresponding reaction
energies of 2,5-dimethylindole and intermediates on the catalyst surface
perfectly aligned with experimental reactions. This study expands
the LOHC family of nitrogen heterocyclic molecules.