Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle formation in wire explosion process

Observation of the partial reheating of the metallic vapor during the wire explosion process for nanoparticle synthesis

“…Different plasma diagnostic tools including time resolved imaging were reported to study the wire explosion process, understanding the subsequent nanoparticles growth mechanism and influences of different experimental parameters on the characteristics of the produced nanoparticles. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Several studies have been reported to study the effects of different experimental parameters like the ambient gas species and pressure, amount of deposited energy and the initial crystalline structure of the wire material on the characteristics of the nanoparticles produced by the wire explosion process. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] It had been reported that the size of the nanoparticles formed in Ar ambience increases with increasing pressure, while an opposite trend was observed for the nanoparticles produced in N 2 and He ambiences.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] Several studies have been reported to study the effects of different experimental parameters like the ambient gas species and pressure, amount of deposited energy and the initial crystalline structure of the wire material on the characteristics of the nanoparticles produced by the wire explosion process. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] It had been reported that the size of the nanoparticles formed in Ar ambience increases with increasing pressure, while an opposite trend was observed for the nanoparticles produced in N 2 and He ambiences. 10,17,18 While studying the influences of different ambience, it was reported that the enhancement of energy deposition in water ambience, due to longer plasma formation time, leads to the reduction of micrometer size particles and have smaller particle sizes compared with that in air.…”

“…By using the concept of partial reheating of the vapor due to the escape of the vapor from the arc plasma formation region before formation of arc plasma, the opposite trend in particle size variation with pressure for different ambiences could be satisfactorily explained. 17,19,23,24 However, so far no direct experimental evidence has been obtained for the partial reheating of the metallic vapor in the wire explosion process. In this paper, an experimental study by time resolved imaging was carried out to study the expansion of the vapor as well as formation of the arc plasma to understand the influence of arc plasma formation time on the characteristics of the produced nanoparticles.…”

“…The fundamental parameters of the experimental system can be found elsewhere. 13,19,23,24,28 A Princeton Instrument intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) (PI-MAX 3, resolution 1024 Â 1024 pixels) was used to capture the images of the explosion and subsequent phenomena. The ICCD is focused on the wire before applying the discharge voltage by using an optical system and the exposure time (gating time) of the ICCD is set at 2 ns.…”

Experimental observation of the critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement of the nanofluids by the electrical explosion of a wire in liquid

“…The greatest advantages are the simple evaporation and condensation processes, short production times, and the possibility of mass production by implementing an auto-feeding system for the wires. However, although EEWL has been studied by many researchers, most previous research has been conducted with various materials under gaseous condition [23][24][25].…”