Understanding the Mechanism of Bacterial Biofilms Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

A biofilm is a group of microorganisms, that causes health problems for the patients with indwelling medical devices via attachment of cells to the surface matrix. It increases the resistance of a microorganism for antimicrobial agents and developed the human infection. Current strategies are removed or prevent the microbial colonies from the medical devices, which are attached to the surfaces. This will improve the clinical outcomes in favor of the patients suffering from serious infectious diseases. Moreover, the identification and inhibition of genes, which have the major role in biofilm formation, could be the effective approach for health care systems. In a current review article, we are highlighting the biofilm matrix and molecular mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms.

Bacteria-Host Crosstalk: Sensing of the Quorum in the Context of <b><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i></b> Infections

“…EPS comprises most of the biomass of the biofilm rather than cells, and is mainly composed of polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) [78]. Matrix components provide structural stability, facilitate liquid and nutrient transport, and support robust integrity to a biofilm, including tolerance against antimicrobials [79], stress factors, and immune cells [75, 80]. The environment of biofilms provide a perfect milieu for intercellular communication.…”

Ultrasound‐mediated therapies for the treatment of biofilms in chronic wounds: a review of present knowledge

“…Though the microbial world is vastly diverse, the development of a biofilm remains perhaps the most ubiquitous means by which microbial cells can thrive within their given environment (Wu et al, 2015;Flemming et al, 2016). A biofilm can be described as a localized aggregation of microorganisms in a heterogeneous, sessile community, embedded in a dynamic matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (Singh et al, 2017). From biogeochemical cycling in the ecosystem and the human microbiome to biofouling and disease, biofilms are simultaneously an essential part of life and a prominent concern for industry and public health (Donlan, 2002;Flemming et al, 2016;Kuliasha et al, 2017).…”

“…Quorum sensing is an important regulator of biofilm development; it is the principal means by which microbial cells communicate within a given environment (Miller and Bassler, 2001;Rutherford and Bassler, 2012). The ability of microbial cells to carry out such sophisticated communication is a potent advantage; therefore, quorum sensing can also be considered as a valuable therapeutic target (Singh et al, 2017). By incapacitating this signalling mechanism, the regulation of gene expression, essential metabolic processes and virulence can be irreparably altered (Khmel, 2006).…”

Food Safety Interventions to Control Listeria monocytogenes in the Fresh Apple Packing Industry: A Review

“…Furthermore, enzymes present in the EPS, such as catalase, can neutralize hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) preventing its penetration inside the biofilm (Abucayon et al, 2013). Other important mechanisms of biofilm resistance, such as genetic adaptation of cells to disinfectants, cell to cell signaling, and efflux pumps, were recently reviewed by Singh, Singh, Chowdhury, and Singh (2017). Complexity of the biofilm structure causes difficulty with finding proper methods for biofilm removal.…”