Understanding the isotopic and chemical evolution of Yellowstone hot spot magmatism using magmatic-thermomechanical modeling

Colon, D.; Bindeman, I. N.; Gerya, Taras

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.12.003

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The proportion of molten rocks versus intruded magma monitored using O and Hf isotopes (Figure 16) demonstrate preservation of isotope heterogeneity in zircons within an eruptible volume of magma, similar to what is observed in the Yellowstone and other hot spot magma systems (e.g., Bindeman & Simakin, 2014; Colón et al., 2019), and elsewhere (Storck et al., 2021).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Magma Chamber Formation by Dike Accretion and Crustal Melting: 2D Thermo‐Compositional Model With Emphasis on Eruptions and Implication for Zircon Records

2021

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We present a 2D thermo‐elastic model of a magma body formation in a granitic crust by injection of rhyolitic or basaltic dikes and sills. Elastic analytical solutions enable the computation of rock displacement in response to magma intrusion and evacuation during volcanic eruptions. Phase diagrams for magma and rocks govern melting/crystallization behavior and temperature evolution in 16 million computational cells. Calculated temperature histories are used to predict zircon crystallization/dissolution, their ages, and isotopic ratios within individual batches of magma and rocks. Incremental dike injection naturally generates magma batches of melt that form kilometer‐wide clusters appearing in different parts of the domain with diverse shapes, horizontal and vertical interconnectivity. The volume of eruptive melt strongly depends on magma influx rates Q, the width of the injection region W, and eruptions. For example, rhyolitic dike injection with Q = 0.125 m3/s with W = 5 km during 100 ka generates ∼50 km3 of eruptive melt while no significant melt forms if W = 10 km. Injection of basaltic dikes into the granitic crust generates comparable amounts of rhyolitic melt from dike‐residual and country rocks. High injection intensities produce magma reservoirs capable of large eruptions, while repetitive eruptions lead to shrinkage of magma bodies. High heat input causes host rock zircons to lose a significant portion of their old cores. Magmatic zircons in the periphery form quickly due to rapid cooling of intruded dikes while in the central part crystals can grow during several hundreds of ka. The model predicts highly heterogeneous O and Hf isotopic ratios recorded in zircons.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Magma Chamber Formation by Dike Accretion and Crustal Melting: 2D Thermo‐Compositional Model With Emphasis on Eruptions and Implication for Zircon Records

2021

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“…Finally, our results and observations suggest that a quantitative CFB model should include some mechanisms for visco-elastoplastic crustal deformation and the formation of shear zones/ductile fracture/two-phase flow channelization instabilities (Beinlich et al, 2020;Colón et al, 2019;Mindaleva et al, 2020;Schmeling et al, 2018Schmeling et al, , 2019. We acknowledge that this introduces significant model complexity (Calogero et al, 2020).…”

Section: Quantitative Model Of Cfb Magmatismmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts: 2. A New Conceptual Model

Mittal

Richards

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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Continental flood basalts intruded and erupted millions of km3 of magma over ∼1–5 Ma. Previous work proposed the presence of large (>105 $ > {\mathrm{10}}^{5}$–106 km3) crustal magma reservoirs to feed these eruptions. However, in Paper I, we illustrated that this model is inconsistent with observations, by combining eruptive rate constraints with geochemical and geophysical observations from the Deccan Traps and other Continental flood basalt provinces (CFBs). Here, we use a new mechanical magma reservoir model to calculate the variation of eruptive fluxes (km3/year) and volumes for different magmatic architectures. We find that a single magma reservoir cannot explain the eruptive rate and duration constraints for CFBs. Using a 1D thermal model and characteristic timescales for magma reservoirs, we conclude that CFB eruptions were likely fed by a number of interconnected small‐medium (∼102–103 km3) magma reservoirs. It is unlikely that each individual magma reservoir participated in every eruption, thus permitting the occasional formation of large xenocrysts (e.g., megacrystic plagioclase). This magmatic architecture permits (a) large volume eruptive episodes with 10–100s of years duration, and (b) relatively short time‐periods separating eruptive episodes (1000s of years) since multiple mechanisms can trigger eruptions (via magma recharge or volatile exsolution, as opposed to long term (105–106 year) accumulation of buoyancy overpressure), and (c) lack of large upper‐crustal intrusive bodies in various geophysical datasets. Our new proposed magmatic architecture has significant implications for the tempo of CFB volatile release (CO2 and SO2), potentially helping explain the pre‐K‐Pg warming associated with Deccan Traps.

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“…Possible controls on magma storage depths and the balance between intrusion and eruption involve substantial interplay between magma supply rate, buoyancy (strongly influenced by volatiles) and time-evolving, temperature-dependent crustal rheology [96][97][98][99] . During early LIP emplacement, the middle to upper continental crust is expected to be cold and strong, favouring growth of magma chambers in the lower crust and mantle lithosphere (fig.…”

Section: Nature Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life cycle of large igneous provinces

Black

Karlstrom

Mather

2021

Nat Rev Earth Environ

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Understanding the isotopic and chemical evolution of Yellowstone hot spot magmatism using magmatic-thermomechanical modeling

Cited by 14 publications

References 83 publications

Magma Chamber Formation by Dike Accretion and Crustal Melting: 2D Thermo‐Compositional Model With Emphasis on Eruptions and Implication for Zircon Records

Magma Chamber Formation by Dike Accretion and Crustal Melting: 2D Thermo‐Compositional Model With Emphasis on Eruptions and Implication for Zircon Records

The Magmatic Architecture of Continental Flood Basalts: 2. A New Conceptual Model

The life cycle of large igneous provinces

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