Understanding the Islamic State—A Review Essay

Byman, Daniel

doi:10.1162/isec_r_00235

Cited by 95 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Participants admitted that social media jeopardizes their cultural security, alters their behavior and facilitates the radicalization of vulnerable Saudi youth. This is consistent with other concerns regarding the negative impact of social media streams in the literature (Awan, 2007;Byman, 2016;Conversi, 2012;Stenersen, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

University students' perception of how informal education influences cultural security: A Saudi institution experience

Aly¹

2020

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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This article reports a study conducted on Saudi university students, including both males and females. The study used a 21 items questionnaire that aims to elicit students' responses regarding social security and to what extent formal education could affect their perception of cultural security. These questions are designed to check the students' perception and understanding of culture and cultural security within the Saudi context and they also aim to show how Saudi society could influence and shape many cultural and ideological concepts adopted by Saudi university students. Other questions were written in the questionnaire in order to elicit students' views on the role of informal education in enhancing their concept of cultural security, as the idea of informal education is subsumed under small categories like social, media, religious and family categories. After analyzing their views and responses to the questions of the questionnaire, it was revealed that both males and females agreed on defining culture as 'a scientific and academic knowledge' and a representation of 'social and family values' which construct the 'identity of individuals'. However, there has been a salient contrast between males and females regarding the role of culture. Females disagreed with the assumption that culture helps people 'to appreciate modern art'.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

University students' perception of how informal education influences cultural security: A Saudi institution experience

Aly¹

2020

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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“…In the case of ISIS, the pragmatic features proved to be enduring and have thus been an angle of containment in the past and perhaps again in the future if ISIS regains territorial strongholds. This angle frames ISIS as a revolutionary actor, which takes stock of a traditional territorial center of gravity and power (Byman, 2016;Cronin, 2015;Walt, 2015a) and not only as a transnational terrorist organization and social movement. Containment, in this case, means trusting that in the long run ISIS finds it "harder to rule than it is to conquer" (Phillips, 2014, p. 497;Pollard et al, 2015, p. 15), despite its post-Westphalian and post-Sykes-Picot rhetoric .…”

Section: Charactermentioning

confidence: 99%

The containment of the Islamic State: A realist case to engage a hybrid actor

Troy

2019

Contemporary Security Policy

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Next to military means, causing disruption and interdiction, Western and local powers also relied on policies of containment to halt the expansion of the Islamic State's territorial strongholds. Yet, a Cold War state-based strategy of containment seems not apt to counter a transformed Islamic State. This article, first, examines why containing the Islamic State was successful in the past. Second, the article argues that the Islamic State can still be contained if containment addresses the Islamic State's hybrid nature rather than convulsively looking for the transferability of past containment aspects. In particular, this requires a focus on the struggle for power of the opponent and a foreign policy of restraint. Finally, the article proposes three angles to contain the Islamic State. Each angle exploits the persisting characteristics of the Islamic State as a revolutionary actor with internal contradictions and promulgating specific narratives which containment can engage.

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“…O professor e pesquisador Daniel Byman (2016) evidencia o uso instrumental que a ideologia tem para o Estado Islâmico, pois serviu como um instrumento de legitimidade tanto para atrair novos recrutas, como para viabilizar a construção de seu Estado. De forma sintética, o autor aponta o esforço da organização em consolidar seu modelo estatal por meio do monopólio da violência e coerção, da prestação de serviços públicos e do proselitismo.…”

Section: Lista De Gráficosunclassified

“…Além disso, a busca pela expansão territorial por meio de guerras convencionais contra os Estados da Síria e do Iraque demonstra outro aspecto em estruturar um modelo estatal. Outra observação que ilumina nossa compreensão sobre o EI consiste em apontar as principais dinâmicas sociais exploradas pela organização para promover seu avanço e ampliar seu poder: a fomentação do conflito sectário, a exclusão sistemática de sunitas no Iraque, a guerra civil na Síria e a intimidação dos rivais (BYMAN, 2016;KHATIB, 2015).…”

Section: Lista De Gráficosunclassified

“…O tempo de reclusão proporcionou que ele aprofundasse e fortalecesse suas causas extremistas por meio da convivência com outros militantes salafistas, além de ter travado alianças importantes com militantes baathistas (muitos dos quais, posteriormente, ocuparam cargos de liderança no Estado Islâmico). Stone afirmou que os jihaditas que saem da detenção dos Estados Unidos desenvolvem uma espécie de aura quando reintegrados em suas sociedades, o que legitima e facilita o poder de recrutamento dessas pessoas(BERGER, STERN, 2016, p.36-7) Byman (2016). argumenta que o Estado Islâmico é uma organização altamente ideológica, todavia seus líderes, frequentemente, instrumentalizaram e subordinaram a ideologia aos objetivos políticos e estratégicos do grupo.…”

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A tentativa de construção do Califado: o Estado Islâmico e suas bases de sustentação

Domingos¹

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This paper aims to analyze which were the material and financial foundations that supported the rise and control of the self-proclaimed Islamic State (2010-2017). For that purpose, we focused on verifying how some historical social facts have contributed to the formation of the first national States, as well as comparing that with the formation of the modern Middle East States (established under aegis of the European hegemony). Our goal is presenting the relevance of the articulation between financial capital and coercion in the structuring of contemporary political organizations. On this regard, we argue the support basis that allowed the territorial domain of this complex organization allowed brief financial independence achieved by the group and the use of the necessary coercive means to fight a conquer war.

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Understanding the Islamic State—A Review Essay

Cited by 95 publications

References 21 publications

University students' perception of how informal education influences cultural security: A Saudi institution experience

University students' perception of how informal education influences cultural security: A Saudi institution experience

The containment of the Islamic State: A realist case to engage a hybrid actor

A tentativa de construção do Califado: o Estado Islâmico e suas bases de sustentação

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