Understanding the Intersection of Environmental Pollution, Pneumonia, and Inflammation: Does Gender Play a Role?

Silveyra, Patricia; Fuentes, Nathalie; Rivera, Lidys

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69627

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…61 A number of studies have suggested that sex hormones contribute to the overall lung inflammatory response to exogenous insults such as pollutants and infectious agents, as well as lung disease. 62 Table 1 summarizes the known effects of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) on the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lung. Table 2 summarizes the known influences of sex hormones on lung disease.…”

Section: Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone Receptors In The Lung: Expressimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation

Fuentes

Silveyra

2018

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Sex-based disparities have been identified in respiratory physiology, and in many chronic lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. The observed sex differences in lung disease prevalence and incidence have been linked to changes in circulating levels of sex hormones that start after puberty and that have been shown to affect physiological and immunological functions. While the exact roles of male and female sex hormones in these processes have not been fully elucidated, it is now evident that these can target many lung cell types and affect several functions of the respiratory system. In this mini-review, we have summarized seminal studies aimed to understand the effects of the most relevant male and female sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, and androgens) and their receptors on lung function. Moreover, we have reviewed the known influences of sex hormones and of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in lung disease and immunity. Understanding the roles of sex hormones in the regulation of lung function and inflammation is the first step for the potential development of more effective therapeutic options to prevent and treat lung disease in men and women. Impact statement Sex-differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung diseases have been recognized for years. Women of reproductive age are more likely to suffer from chronic lung disease, with higher mortality rates than men. Physiological changes in hormone levels such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause have been associated with lung function changes and asthma symptoms. Despite this, the roles of sex hormones in the mechanisms associated with lung diseases have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes basic and clinical studies of sex hormones as potential modulators of lung function and inflammation. The information obtained from sex-specific research on lung physiology and pathology will potentially help in the development of sex-specific therapeutics for inflammatory lung disease that may account for the hormonal status of the patient.

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Section: Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone Receptors In The Lung: Expressimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation

Fuentes

Silveyra

2018

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…Evidence have suggested an active role of estrogen in sexual dimorphism by presenting different estrogens levels in lung maturation, preservation, regeneration, alveoli development and surfactant synthesis. Female pulmonary surfactant production was manifested earlier than male [ 49 ]. Fourth, estrogen and androgen play the opposite way on immune responses after infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomogram for pneumonia prediction among children and young people with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children and young people (CYP) with severe cerebral palsy (CP). Only a few studies used nomogram for assessing risk factors and the probability of pneumonia. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors and devise a nomogram for identifying the probability of severe pneumonia in CYP with severe CP. Methods This retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study examined CYP with newly diagnosed severe CP before 18 years old between January 1 st , 1997 and December 31 st , 2013 and followed them up through December 31 st , 2013. The primary endpoint was defined as the occurrence of severe pneumonia with ≥ 5 days of hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used for determining demographic factors and comorbidities associated with severe pneumonia. These factors were assigned integer points to create a scoring system to identify children at high risk for severe pneumonia. Results Among 6,356 CYP with newly diagnosed severe CP, 2,135 (33.59%) had severe pneumonia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that seven independent predictive factors, namely age <3 years, male sex, and comorbidities of pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications. A nomogram was devised by employing these seven significant predictive factors. The prediction model presented favorable discrimination performance. Conclusions The nomogram revealed that age, male sex, history of pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications were potential risk factors for severe pneumonia among CYP with severe CP.

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“…Pneumonia in toddlers was due to an imbalance of host, agent, and environmental factors. Environmental which is not healthy have an important role in the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers like the density of the house, a kind of wall and floor of house, pollution in the home due to cooking fuek and cigarette smoke, and the others [9].…”

Section: Icmedhmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of House Environmental Factors on the Incidence of Pneumonia in Toddlers

Prihant¹,

Widati²,

P³

et al. 2022

Kme

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract and it is a leading cause of death in toddlers around the world, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. Environmental factors have an important role in the incidence of pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the house environmental factors that influence the incidence of pneumonia in children < 60 months in the working area of Public Health Center P. This study used a cross-sectional design that involved 114 children (aged < 60 months) with their mothers. We conducted interviews and observations, and filled in the 9 checklists of the house environment: floor type, wall type, ventilation, density, cooking fuel, smoking habit, humidity, light intensity, and temperature. The data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the factors of the house enviroment affecting pneumonia in children < 60 months were light intensity (p = 0.001; OR = 5.032; 95% CI = 1.94, 13.046), humidity (p = 0.003; OR = 6.98; 95% CI = 1.91, 25.421) and density (p = 0.019; OR = 3.140; 95% CI = 1.21, 8.154). Preventive programs from health workers are very important (i.e., counseling and health education). Support from local government and the community is necessary to promote healthy households. Keywords: pneumonia, children < 60 months, house environment

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Understanding the Intersection of Environmental Pollution, Pneumonia, and Inflammation: Does Gender Play a Role?

Cited by 4 publications

References 186 publications

Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation

Endocrine regulation of lung disease and inflammation

Nomogram for pneumonia prediction among children and young people with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort study

The Effect of House Environmental Factors on the Incidence of Pneumonia in Toddlers

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