Understanding the interactive effects of material parameters governing the printer toner properties: a response surface study

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Toner is a fine powder composed of a resin and a coloring agent, which has been massively used in digital printing. The successfulness of digital printing can be measured in terms of the degree to which the properties of toner are finely controlled. In this work, we applied response surface methodology (RSM) to synthesize printing toners with appropriate physical and color properties. Based on a systematic experimental pattern proposed by RSM, styrene and butyl acrylate monomers are copolymerized through suspension polymerization to determine the individual and interactive effects of foregoing material parameters on the particle size, particle size distribution, and thermal and color properties of the resulting toner composites. Different analyses are carried out through which the optimum criterion for manufacturing well-controlled toner particles is established. Particularly, the results show that fine-tuning of toner properties depends on the careful regulation of material parameters, which we have learned from interactive effect identification.</jats:p>

Preparing poly styrene-co-acrylic acid and recycled waste magnetite composite from concrete industry as a printing ink

“…Toner particles were produced via a stepwise procedure, in accord with previous studies. 24,25 First (step a), a 1-liter beaker was filled with 24.5 g styrene-acrylic latex, 2 g carbon black, 3 g wax, 3 g magnetite and 120 g deionized water and the contents were mixed manually at room temperature for about 15 min. In step b, the resulting suspension obtained in a mixed using a homogenizer for 5 min.…”

Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes: towards green super-adsorbents for toxic gases

“…Response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of mathematical and statistical routes utilized for modeling, optimization, and interpreting the influence of system variables on desired targets [43, 44, 45]. It contains three phases: (i) identifying the most influential factors by screening them from process variables; (ii) performing experiments to find control factors and their variation intervals to recognize the first response surface in the region of optimum; and (iii) positioning into the optimal region by fitting the best interpolating function to experimental data by choosing a design model [46, 47].…”

Intelligent modeling and optimization of emulsion aggregation method for producing green printing ink

“…This technique is a chemically controlled method with ability of achievement to small particle size, uniform shape and favored particle size distribution. However, main advantage of this process is being environmentalfriendly based on toner production process and final product [12].…”

“…Based on a series of prior publications, Diverse black printing toners have already been manufactured via suspension [8], emulsion aggregation [9], emulsion, and mini-emulsion [10] procedures with an entirely a large variation of physical and color qualities. Toners with different nature were also prepared by changing the kind and amount of coloring agent [11,12,16]. Though the modeling/optimization technique used in our recent paper was successful in detecting and optimizing properties of toner, and RSM and DF can properly find the best solution for one or binary response, but this feature is suffering from the quality of optimization of all responses together and even in the overlaid plots which should be in the special level of factors one cannot find the optimized area.…”