Understanding the impact of network topology on frequency stability considering continuous spatial-temporal disturbances from wind generation

Farmer, Warren J.; Rix, Arnold J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106776

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For instance, recent years saw enormous progress in the mathematical theory of synchronisation [8], leading to the derivation of a variety of rigorous stability conditions [9], [10]. An important practical research topic is the dynamics and design of inverter-based power grids lacking the inertia provided by large synchronous machines [11]- [14]. Another key area is the development of detailed simulation models to study frequency dynamics and synchronisation for actual grid layouts and contingency situations [15], [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and Amplitude Synchronization in Power-Grid Frequency Fluctuations in the Nordic Grid

et al. 2022

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Monitoring and modelling the power grid frequency is key to ensuring stability in the electrical power system. Many tools exist to investigate the detailed deterministic dynamics and especially the bulk behaviour of the frequency. However, far less attention has been paid to its stochastic properties, and there is a need for a cohesive framework that couples both short-time scale fluctuations and bulk behaviour. Moreover, commonly assumed uncorrelated stochastic noise is predominantly employed in modelling in energy systems. In this publication, we examine the stochastic properties of the Nordic Grid, focusing on the increments of the frequency recordings. We show that these increments follow non-Gaussian statistics and display spatial and temporal correlations. Furthermore, we report two different physical synchronisation phenomena: a very short timescale phase synchronisation (< 2 s) followed by a slightly larger timescale amplitude synchronisation (2 s-5 s). Overall, these results show that modelling of fluctuations in power systems should not be restricted to Gaussian white noise.INDEX TERMS Power-grid frequency, power-grid frequency fluctuations, phase synchronisation, amplitude synchronisation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and Amplitude Synchronization in Power-Grid Frequency Fluctuations in the Nordic Grid

et al. 2022

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“…Schäfer et al [19] report on more complex statistics of power-grid frequency in Continental Europe and the Nordic Grid, among others, and provide a descriptive analysis based on a convolution of statistics which results in power-grid frequency distribution far beyond Gaussianity. Various subsequent works offer explanations for the aforementioned phenomena [24,57,58]. The most straightforward explanation of the non-Gaussianity of power-grid frequency statistics in Continental Europe and the Nordic Grid is due to changes in dispatch.…”

Section: Fokker-planck Description Of Power-grid Frequency Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stochastic nature of power-grid frequency in South Africa

Gorjão

Maritz²

2023

J. Phys. Complex.

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In this work, we explore two mechanisms that explain non-Gaussian behaviour of power-grid frequency recordings in the South African grid. We make use of a Fokker–Planck approach to power-grid frequency that yields a direct relation between common model parameters such as inertia, damping, and noise amplitude and non-parametric estimations of the same directly from power-grid frequency recordings. We propose two explanations for the non-Gaussian leptokurtic distributions in South Africa: The first based on multiplicative noise in power-grid frequency recordings, which we observe in South Africa; The second based on the well-known scheduled and unscheduled load shedding and rolling blackouts that beset South Africa. For the first we derive an analytic expression of the effects of multiplicative noise that permits the estimation of all statistical moments – and discuss drawbacks in comparison with the data; For the second we employ a simple numerical analysis with a modular power grid of South Africa. Both options help understand the statistics of power-grid frequency in South Africa – particularly the presence of heavy tails.

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“…At first glance, one could be led to believe that the powergrid frequency is identical across a power grid. This, however, is not the case, as many studies have indicated [3][4][5][6][7]. Besides oscillations in areas in a power-grid, denoted as intra-area oscillations [8], and equivalently across areas in a grid, denoted as inter-area oscillations [9], the presence of other small-scale fluctuations is ubiquitous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal complexity of power-grid frequency fluctuations

Gorjão,

Schäfer,

Witthaut

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Power-grid systems constitute one of the most complex man-made spatially extended structures. These operate with strict operational bounds to ensure synchrony across the grid. This is particularly relevant for power-grid frequency, which operates strictly at 50 Hz (60 Hz). Nevertheless, small fluctuations around the mean frequency are present at very short time scales < 2 seconds and can exhibit highly complex spatio-temporal behaviour. Here we apply superstatistical data analysis techniques to measured frequency fluctuations in the Nordic Grid. We study the increment statistics and extract the relevant time scales and superstatistical distribution functions from the data. We show that different synchronous recordings of power-grid frequency have very distinct stochastic fluctuations with different types of superstatistics at different spatial locations, and with transitions from one superstatistics to another when the time lag of the increment statistics is changed.

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Understanding the impact of network topology on frequency stability considering continuous spatial-temporal disturbances from wind generation

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Phase and Amplitude Synchronization in Power-Grid Frequency Fluctuations in the Nordic Grid

Phase and Amplitude Synchronization in Power-Grid Frequency Fluctuations in the Nordic Grid

The stochastic nature of power-grid frequency in South Africa

Spatio-temporal complexity of power-grid frequency fluctuations

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