Understanding the fate of organic micropollutants in sand and granular activated carbon biofiltration systems

Hydrophilic trace organic contaminants in urban stormwater: occurrence, toxicological relevance, and the need to enhance green stormwater infrastructure

“…Therefore, sand-based stormwater treatment systems need modification, for instance through amendments with carbonaceous adsorbents or other reactive geomedia. 168…”

Harnessing biodegradation potential of rapid sand filtration for organic micropollutant removal from drinking water: A review

“…OMPs can be adsorbed onto sand granules in RSF, with removal efficiencies mainly dependent on the retention time. Previous studies reported the effective removal of four compounds (galaxolide, tonalide, celestolide, and triclosan) by adsorption in RSF (Paredes et al, 2016). The removal efficiencies decreased more than 10% with shortening contact time from 35 min to 17 min (Paredes et al, 2016), indicating the importance of contact time for effective adsorption.…”

“…Previous studies reported the effective removal of four compounds (galaxolide, tonalide, celestolide, and triclosan) by adsorption in RSF (Paredes et al, 2016). The removal efficiencies decreased more than 10% with shortening contact time from 35 min to 17 min (Paredes et al, 2016), indicating the importance of contact time for effective adsorption. In real RSFs with biological activity, it is challenging to separate OMPs removal by adsorption from biodegradation.…”

“…RSF hydraulics including empty bed contact time (EBCT) and backwashing are optimized to support RSF primary functions. However, hydraulics obviously also influence retention and feeding of microbial communities, which in turn determines biodegradation activity (Paredes et al, 2016) and the retention of the biomass on the sand surface (Albers et al, 2015). In order to support biodegradation of OMPs in RSF, we propose a variety of strategies to optimize hydraulic conditions for more effective OMPs.…”

COMBI, continuous ozonation merged with biofiltration to study oxidative and microbial transformation of trace organic contaminants

“…34 Therefore, the combined effect of ozonation and subsequent biofiltration leads to significant reduction of the ecotoxicity of the treated water. [35][36][37][38][39][40] The degradation of TrOCs during biofiltration depends on several factors, such as contaminant concentration, 41 retention time, 42,43 age, diversity and adaptation of the microbial community, 44,45 substrate availability and composition for microbial metabolic processes, 46,47 redox conditions, 48,49 and temperature. 50 Similar relationships during biofiltration can be expected for the removal of transformation products.…”