Understanding the factors influencing the corrosion of bipolar plate to the performance and durability of unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A review

PGM-free single atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…33–38 While SACs have shown commendable performance in controlled laboratory settings and within membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), their long-term stability under the demanding conditions of an operating PEMFCs remains a critical area of concern. 39–42 A number of issues, including metal dissolution, poisoning of the active sites and corrosion of the carbon support, present significant challenges to the durability and reliability of these catalysts. 43–46 The US department of energy (DOE) has set ambitious targets for the durability of PEMFCs for heavy-duty truck applications, with a lifetime benchmark of 25 000 hours.…”