Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and  management of SARS-CoV-2

Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun; Sibuyi, Nicole Remaliah Samantha; Adewale, Olusola Bolaji; Bakare, Olalekan Olanrewaju; Akanbi, Musa Oyebowale; Klein, Ashwil; Madiehe, Abram Madimabe; Meyer, Mervin

doi:10.1177/0300060520949077

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The step immediately after evaluating all the participants together was to investigate their perception of COVID-19 by considering their sociodemographic profiles and each research variable. Thus, each of the respondent's health education indicators was evaluated considering, for example, sex (male and female), education level (middle/high school and higher/postgraduate education), age (18-83 years), socioeconomic vulnerability (receiving or not receiving government support), and the number of people per residence (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). These indicators were evaluated for their respective distributions for each profile (unpaired), and the odds ratios between the worst outcomes (lowest score) were compared with those between the best outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease does not yet have a vaccine or definitive treatment. For this reason, measures such as social distancing, proper hygiene, and the use of individual and collective protective equipment have been instituted by different health authorities, which have been shown to be central to preventing the transmission of the virus and controlling the spread of the disease [ 4 , 5 ]. In addition, knowledge about the infection and its signs and symptoms, whether by the general population or by health professionals, has also been shown to be effective in aiding early diagnosis, better monitoring, and more effective treatment [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge About COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study

Guimarães¹,

Oliveira-Leandro²,

Cassiano³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background COVID-19 is a highly transmissible illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. The disease has affected more than 200 countries, and the measures that have been implemented to combat its spread, as there is still no vaccine or definitive medication, have been based on supportive interventions and drug repositioning. Brazil, the largest country in South America, has had more than 140,000 recorded deaths and is one of the most affected countries. Despite the extensive quantity of scientifically recognized information, there are still conflicting discussions on how best to face the disease and the virus, especially with regard to social distancing, preventive methods, and the use of medications. Objective The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the Brazilian population’s basic knowledge about COVID-19 to demonstrate how Brazilians are managing to identify scientifically proven information. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. An original online questionnaire survey was administered from June 16 to August 21, 2020, across all five different geopolitical regions of the country (ie, the North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast, and South). The questionnaire was comprised of questions about basic aspects of COVID-19, such as the related symptoms, conduct that should be followed when suspected of infection, risk groups, prevention, transmission, and social distancing. The wrong questionnaire response alternatives were taken from the fake news combat website of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Participants (aged ≥18 years) were recruited through social networking platforms, including Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter. The mean distributions, frequencies, and similarities or dissimilarities between the responses for the different variables of the study were evaluated. The significance level for all statistical tests was less than .05. Results A total of 4180 valid responses representative of all the states and regions of Brazil were recorded. Most respondents had good knowledge about COVID-19, getting an average of 86.59% of the total score with regard to the basic aspects of the disease. The region, education level, age, sex, and social condition had a significant association (P<.001) with knowledge about the disease, which meant that women, the young, those with higher education levels, nonrecipients of social assistance, and more economically and socially developed regions had more correct answers. Conclusions Overall, Brazilians with social media access have a good level of basic knowledge about COVID-19 but with differences depending on the analyzed subgroup. Due to the limitation of the platform used in carrying out the study, care should be taken when generalizing the study findings to populations with less education or who are not used to accessing social networking platforms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge About COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study

Guimarães¹,

Oliveira-Leandro²,

Cassiano³

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely infectious virus, with a very rapid spread worldwide, being declared a global threat by the World Health Organization (WHO) and causing the most challenging pandemics of this century. SARS-CoV-2 is a RNA virus with a genetic structure, which is similar to that of SARS-CoV-1 and of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) -CoV [ 1 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroids in SARS-COV2 infection: certainties and uncertainties in clinical practice

Criṣan-Dabija

Antohe

Trofor

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction The SARS-COV-2 pandemic is a worldwide public health problem due to the large medical burden and limited number of therapies available. Corticosteroids have a rather unclear efficacy in viral non-SARS-COV-2 pneumonias and therefore their use is not universally recommended. In SARS-COV-2 pneumonia however, it is expected that they can reduce the deleterious consequences of the virus-related systemic inflammation. Areas covered a MEDLINE search covering the period 1995–2020 was completed to identify relevant papers. SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis is very complex and is represented by the interplay of many cytokine-driven inflammation pathways. Its most severe form so called cytokine storm, is an exaggerate reaction of the host infected by the virus rapidly resulting in multiple organ dysfunction (MODS). Corticosteroids have the potential to blunt the inflammation response in such patients, but their efficacy is not the same for all patients. Further on the certainties and uncertainties regarding the efficacy of this therapy in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia are discussed Expert Opinion In patients with severe SARS-COV-2 pneumonia, corticosteroids can be efficacious, but it is still not clear if they can be safely used in patients with comorbid cardiovascular disease or how the optimal duration of therapy can be established.

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“…This is reported that 80% of affected cases are moderate, with typical fever and flu, so patients will recover at home. In brief, a patient with leukopenia or lymphopenia will be accused of developing upper respiratory tract symptoms and fever [52][53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Symptoms Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Fifth Pandemic: Coronavirus

Kaur¹,

Kaur²,

Manjinder³

2020

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Since the 1918 flu pandemic, the novel human coronavirus outbreak COVID-19 has been the fifth known pandemic. COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China, and later spread across the world. It is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) extreme acute respiratory syndrome virus. The patients exhibit flu-like symptoms, including dry cough, sore throat, high fever, and trouble in breathing. Despite too much affords, there is no appropriate treatment or medication which is a successful COVID-19 therapy. A variety of candidate drugs are being used for the treatment and reviewed. This involves clinically accessible medications that are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. This review describes the different aspects of corona such as history, origin and spread, its types, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and precautions. This review makes us understand what type of virus is this and how we can take precautions to protect us from this life-threatening virus. There is an immediate need to prepare our young generation to fight against any such catastrophe in the future, if any, of science and technology. There is no reason to worry and to fight this epidemic, careful prevention and control are necessary. This article can help to create public awareness, knowledge, avoiding, handling, and treating COVID-19.

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Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 28 publications

References 108 publications

Knowledge About COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study

Knowledge About COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study

Corticosteroids in SARS-COV2 infection: certainties and uncertainties in clinical practice

A Review on the Fifth Pandemic: Coronavirus

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