Understanding the connection between blasting and highwall stability

Eades, Robert; Perry, Kyle A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.016

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Te blasting construction requirements are demanding and the surrounding conditions are complex. To ensure safe and efcient blasting, the digital electronic detonator hole-by-hole initiation system was implemented to achieve frequency modulation shock absorption, by precise control of explosive energy release, medium movement, crushing and damage accumulation [30], and reduce the amount of fying rocks [31].…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Frequency Modulation Damping Effect of Digital Detonator in Road Clearance Blasting

Gao

Cheng

Ren

et al. 2023

Shock and Vibration

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To measure and evaluate the impact of vibration on the surrounding buildings and structures during highway rock burst removal and to formulate scientific and reasonable protective technical measures, the authors used the blasting perilous rock removal project of the K2227+920–K2228+000 section of the Shaanxi G316 road as a case study. The application of frequency modulation blasting vibration damping technology adopting digital electronic detonators was investigated. The difference in vibration peak and frequency between the perforation-by-hole initiation of the detonator and the frequency modulation initiation of the digital electronic detonator is compared. The results showed that by adopting an accurate delay of digital electronic detonators and the damping scheme of adjusting the blasting vibration frequency using the electronic detonators a reduction in blasting vibration velocity can be achieved. For an unchanged blasting scale, hole mesh parameters, and explosive unit consumption, the total blasting time was adjusted in the test. Compared to the hole-by-hole initiation, the blasting vibration velocity at a pier of the G85 Baohan highway bridge located 52 m away was reduced from 0.367 cm/s to 0.229 cm/s, a decrease of 36.7%. The field test demonstrated that frequency modulation and vibration attenuation using digital detonators can reduce blasting vibrations and effectively reduce the influence of blasting construction on surrounding buildings and structures.

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Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Frequency Modulation Damping Effect of Digital Detonator in Road Clearance Blasting

Gao

Cheng

Ren

et al. 2023

Shock and Vibration

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“…An air space is intentionally left above the explosive charge to allow gases generated during detonation to fill the void instead of being forced into the adjacent rock Mass. Eades and Perry (2019) state that 'it is generally accepted that air decking will produce results that are comparable to, but not quite as good as, pre-splitting', particularly for small borehole diameters. Pre-splits can further be improved by decreasing the coupling ratio between the charge and the borehole.…”

Section: Use Of Stemming In Relation To Specialized Blasting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-splits can further be improved by decreasing the coupling ratio between the charge and the borehole. The space between the charge and the borehole constitutes an additional void for the charge to dissipate gas energy into before it can permeate the crack network in the surrounding rock mass Eades and Perry (2019). Additionally, the decoupling of the charge results in less localized crushing in the borehole and ultimately less overbreak (Etchells, Sellers, and Furtney, 2013).…”

Section: Use Of Stemming In Relation To Specialized Blasting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemming and best practice in the mining industry: A literature review

Oates

Spiteri

2021

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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In 2015, after amendments to the explosives regulations, stemming became a mandatory activity for all South African mining operations. There are, however, circumstances in which it is thought stemming has an adverse impact on the blasting outcome. Some of these circumstances include blasting in hot holes, in reactive ground, or when blasting a pre-split. In order to determine when stemming is necessary, its role in the control of adverse blasting phenomena and impact on explosive performance were reviewed. Stemming was found to play a significant role in the fragmentation process and burden movement. Additionally, stemming significantly influences the control of flyrock, air-blast, and toxic fume generation. The review of the literature indicates some motivation for not using stemming for pre-split, trim, hot hole, and reactive ground blasting, provided the benefits associated with not stemming the holes outweigh the risks of stemming them. Best practice for stemming from the literature indicates a stemming length of 0.7 x burden is best for larger hole diameters, and 20 to 30 x 0 for smaller hole diameters. Crushed aggregate appears to be the most effective stemming material. The South African explosives regulations pertaining to stemming were found to be consistent with those of Australia and the USA.

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“…Several techniques can be implemented to control blasting and reduce the size of the blasting induced by the production holes. These techniques include buffer blasting [16]. Buffer blasting holes are in the last row between the production and pre-split holes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Controlled Pre-Split Blasting in a Hydroelectric Construction Project

et al. 2023

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Geologic conditions and design requirements around upstream Nachtigal Falls, in Cameroon, for the hydroelectric construction project on the Sanaga River dictated close control of blasting procedures with very precise geometry to obtain safe and economical excavation lines. Various techniques of pre-split blasting were used in the initial stage of all major excavations. Hole diameters for pre-splitting were 89 mm, and hole spacing ranged from 0.8 to 1m. Explosive charges varied from 1 to 7 kg per hole, and the detonating cord linear charge ranged from 12 to 60g. The contour blasting technique is aimed at controlling overbreak and improving remaining slope stability. Over-break or over-excavation needs to be controlled since its occurrence compromises the operations in terms of safety (instability in the remaining slope; loosening rocks that increase the risk for operational people; an irregular free face for subsequent blasting); and costs (need for reinforcement of the remaining rock structure through costly sustainment systems; increase in concrete volumes in civil works). This paper discusses in detail the design and field implementation of pre-split blasts successfully carried out to achieve clean vertical walls in moderately dipping, though complexly sheared and jointed gneiss. Based on the results of the experiments, we were able to design a pre-splitting pattern both experimentally and in a very cost-effective manner. It is felt that the methods developed on this project could have useful applications on other major construction projects. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-05 Full Text: PDF

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Understanding the connection between blasting and highwall stability

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental Study on Frequency Modulation Damping Effect of Digital Detonator in Road Clearance Blasting

Experimental Study on Frequency Modulation Damping Effect of Digital Detonator in Road Clearance Blasting

Stemming and best practice in the mining industry: A literature review

Design of Controlled Pre-Split Blasting in a Hydroelectric Construction Project

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